ART. 9. HISTORY OF INVENTIONS HOUGH. 25 



No. 5. Ancient harpoon beads from Fi*ench caves In form of arrowheads with 

 many barbs ; made to fit loosely in tlie end of the shaft ; short connect- 

 ing line tied in a hole or around the tang 100,530, 8,145 



No. 6. Ancient Peruvian harpoon heads, each having a bone shank and barbs of 

 hardwood seized on near the point. The butt fits in a socket, and the 



head is attached to a line 176.795 (3) 



No. 7. Ancient Peruvian harpoon head in three parts ; arrow-shaped blade 

 of quartz inserted and wrapped with cotton thread ; barb of bone 

 Avi-apped on the shank ; shank of wood, with butt terminating in a 



cone to be inserted in the shaft 176,796 



No. 8. Kodiak harpoon head, Alaska. Head of chert, set in a shank of bone and 

 wrapped with sinew thi'ead ; shank winged and round on the back ; 

 barbs three, made by saw cuts in the wing, butt tapering to fit in a 



socket 73,292 



No. 9. Harpoon head from Mackenzie River, similar to No. 8, except that 

 through trade with whalers and the Hudson Bay Company an iron 



blade, riveted, replaces one of stone 7,420 



No. 10. Harpoon heads of native copper and iron in one piece, from Sitka, 



Alaska. The barbs are all on one side 6,564 



No. 11. Harpoon head of iron, from the Haida Indians, of Queen Charlotte 

 Islands. Blade, barbs, and shank all in one piece; barbs alternating 

 on the two sides of the shank ; tang flattened and rounded for inser- 

 tion ; line braided from sinew 88,927 



No. 12. Barbed seal harpoon from Norton Sound, Alaska, showing the barbed 

 head, the foreshaft and its attachment to the shaft, the martingale 

 or leader fastening the head to the shaft after the former is de- 

 tached 33,944 



No. 13. Shell-point barbed whale harpoon with leader. Makah Indians, Van- 

 couver Island, British Columbia 



No. 14. GafC hook from China with harpoon point and single barb, socketed to 



be fixed on a shaft 



No. 15. Barbed harpoon head or lily iron, of brass, for swordfish ; barbs hinged 

 to close in entering the fish and open for retrieving ; butt socketed ; 

 becket rove through line hole 103,037 



SERIES 2. — TOGGLE HARPOONS. 



Plate 25. 



The toggle harpoon is a piercing retrieving weapon driven into the 

 animal by means of a shaft. The toggle is attached to the end of a 

 line, and when the shaft is withdrawn it turns crosswise in the body 

 of the game, enabling the hunter to retrieve. In the simplest forms 

 a pointed bone serves for a toggle, but in the whaling harpoons much 

 ingenuity has been exercised in perfecting the various parts, namely, 

 the blade, the hinge, the barb, the socket, the line, the loose shaft, and 

 the shaft. In some examples poison and explosives are used. There 

 is a form of toggle used in catching water birds, fish, and crocodiles 

 which is baited, and thus becomes a fishhook or gorge. The Aleuts 

 shoot the sea otter with a delicate arrow which has all the parts of the 

 toggle harpoon, and thus becomes a toggle arrow. For the smaller 



