ART. 9. HISTORY OF INVENTIONS HOUGH. 29 



No. S. Polynesian sinker for giant squid, consisting of a shell for lure, a grooved 

 stone for sinker, and sharpened wire flukes in the wooden shaft to 



excite the animal 4,842 



No. 9. Lead sinker from Greece, with wire attachment 103,299 



No. 10. Double-gafE hook or drail from Lapland. Lead sinker 28,169 



No. 11. Double gaff or drail from Greenland. Sinker of lead, in the form of a 



fish; extra line attached 103,098 



No. 12. Whiffling mackerel line with four flies and spinner 103,112 



No. 13. Eskimo fishing line fx'om Point Barrow for catching small cod through 



the ice, complete ; hook, lure, sinker, baleen line, and reel 89,545 



No. 14. Scotch codfish hook. Lead lure in form of a fish, painted, to which are 



attached six barbed hooks 103,153 



No. 15. English mackerel and pollock whifllng line with spinner and Challenger 

 bait 103,013 



HISTORY OF WEAVING. 



The textile art embraces all work in fibers, whether they be vegetal, 

 animal, or mineral. It includes the processes of procuring the fiber 

 from nature, the cleaning and haclding of material, the spinning of 

 yarn, the twisting of thread, twine, or rope, as well as weaving, net- 

 ting, knitting, lace making, and embroidery. Each one of these sev- 

 eral processes has had a development from some natural process, such 

 as the lacing of fiber, the twining of vines, or the web making of 

 spiders. The apparatus at first was of the most simple character, 

 cooperating with human fingers ; but in the unfolding of the art the 

 powers of nature and machinery have been called more and more into 

 play. The latest automatic looms are marvelous expressions of the 

 human mind speaking through mechanical devices. 



Illustrations of this art are here limited to three series of objects, 

 each showing something of the steps of progress from simple to 

 highly perfected forms. Series 1 represents the spindle, series 2 the 

 shuttle, and series 3 the loom. 



WEAVING BY HAND. 



Plate 28. ' 



Zuni Indian woman loeaving. — Plaiting with the fingers, as well 

 as the simplest loom work, is done by persons sitting or stoop- 

 ing. The feet are not used, either in decussating the warp or in 

 throwing the shuttle, A simple harness of wood is provided, or one 

 is made by seizing each alternate warp thread and attaching it to a 

 rod. The figure here shown represents a Zuni Indian woman, of 

 New Mexico, weaving with the blanket loom. The attachment of 

 the warp to an upper and lower beam is an ingenious provision for 

 the tension. The shuttle is a short stick and the batten is a wooden 

 sword. Patterns are wrought by a process of darning the alternate 

 sheds. 



3136— 22— ProcN.M. Vol.60 23 



