38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.00. 



eral holes in the tubing, which can be opened or closed by the finger 

 or by valves, which has the same effect of raising the pitch as by 

 shortening the vibratory length of the cords in a stringed instru- 

 ment. The old zink, serpent, and key bugle are of this class. 



No. 1. B'iji conch shell with mouth hole in the side of the spiral 3,825 



No. 2. Burmese horn made from the horn of a buffalo 95,509 



No. 3. Finnish wooden horn (soittotorbi) , bottle-shaped. Made of two sections 

 of wood, with lonj^ neck, bound together with birch bark 95,684 



No. 4. Bamboo horn from Philippine Islands, open at one end, closed at the 

 other. Mouthpiece a cylinder of bamboo set on the side ; bent bamboo 

 sections to imitate crooks and valves of European cornet 95,054 



No. 5. United States Army regulation cavalry trumpet. Tube bent on itself in 

 two coils ; mouth trumpet-shaped 55,606 



No. 6. French horn. Brass tube bent three times on itself ; mouth trumpet- 

 shaped. Tones are produced by the player's hand moved in the 

 bell 95,269 



No. 7. Finnish trumpet (soitto sarvi) of ram's horn, with four finger holes on 

 the side of the instrument. Bore the natural cavity 95,689 



No. 8. Key bugle with lateral holes closed by seven finger keys. Bore conical ; 

 size of finger holes corresponding to size of bore 95,652 



No. 9. Ophicleido. Conical tube bent on itself; lateral holes closed by finger 

 keys ; size of finger holes corresponding to diameter of bore 95,272 



No. 10. Trombone, old English sackbut. Cylindrical tube of brass, with sliding 

 joint long enough to give seven tones ; mouth trumpet shape. The 

 chromatic scale is thus produced. 



No. 11. Cornet with cylindrical tube and trumpet-shaped bell. Piston valves 

 three, which add different fixed lengths of tubing to the wind- 

 way 55,602 



SERIES 4. — KEED INSTRUMENTS OF MUSIC. 



Plate 48. 



Reed instruments are of two classes, namely, the double and the 

 single, and it is doubtful which is the more primitive. Should one 

 take a straw and bite off one end square, the act of biting the straw 

 would flatten the tube, and thus form a simple double reed, whereas 

 to form a single reed of such material one should take a section of 

 straw, open it at the lower end, with the upper end closed by the 

 joint, then with a sharp instrument cut a short distance into the 

 tube and split the section an inch or two, and he would form the 

 vibrating tongue of a single reed. Either method, with finger holes 

 cut or burnt in the tube, would form the rustic oaten pipe. Single 

 reeds are of two kinds — the beating and the free. The beating reed 

 is formed of wood, metal, etc., the width and length of its vibrating 

 tongue being sufficient to allow it to strike against the walls of the 

 tube or mouthpiece, as seen in the clarinet or instruments of its class. 

 The free reed is usually made of metal. In this form the vibrating 

 tongue is slightly narrower and shorter than the opening in the 

 metallic overplate, to which it is firmly fastened, so that it vibrates 



