ART. 2 BEETLE LARVAE OF GALERUCINAE BOVING 3 



median epicranial (= coronal) suture always present; epicranial 

 halves not produced posteriorly, except in the mining larva of 

 Monoxia co7isputa. (Fig. 40.) Ocelli always present; only one 

 on each side, distinct, with strongly convex cornea and about of 

 the same size as one of the spiracles. Antenna 3hort, retractile, 

 consisting of a single joint seated in a large basal membrane; a 

 jointlike, well developed tactile papilla and several minute, pointed 

 sensory organs located in the membranous top of the antennal joint. 

 (Fig. 3G.) ■ 



Labrum and clypeus well developed and distinct. Clypeus whitish 

 and soft skinned, with a chitinous plate at each hind corner carrying 

 a series of about four small or minute setae. Labrum well chitinized, 

 subrectangular to semicircular, with or without a median anterior 

 emargination, exceptioYially in Monesta coryli (fig. 35) subtnangu- 

 lar, with length and width about equal; medio-transversely a single 

 row of four discal setae, two on each side ; a few 

 sensory punctures between or near the setae; 

 along the frontmargin a series of several mar- 

 ginal setae, usually of very small size, the ex- 

 terior two or three, however, somewhat larger 

 than the rest, exceptionally with all marginal 

 setae of moderate length (fig. 35). 



Mandible (text fig. 1) strong, palmate, hollow j.^^ i.-diagram of 

 toward the buccal cavity, terminally Avith from mandible, for let- 



, , . • l•^ I- TERING SEE TEXT 



three to five teeth arranged m a series like nn- 

 gers. First tooth (1) small, with the tip normally extending only 

 slightly beyond the base of second tooth; third tooth, as a rule, the 

 largest, in Monocesta coryli (figs. 45, 48) having a long, straight, ser- 

 rated inner margin, but in all other Galerucinae larvae more claw 

 shaped like the rest of the teeth. Inner edge of mandible behind the 

 base of the last tooth often blade shaped and anteriorly projecting 

 like a heel or a (sixth) tooth {jjr). Penicillus {pn) present in some, 

 absent in others, of the genera. Two setae {se) normally present on 

 the dorso-exterior surface. 



Maxilla (figs. 56, 59, Gl, 63) provided with two well developed, 

 usuallj^ distinct lobes of about the same size, one posterior, here 

 interpreted as lacinia, one anterior, here interpreted as galea; both 

 lobes strengthened at base by a narrow bandlike prolongation of the 

 ventral chitinized side of stipes. Lacinia located in the buccal cavity 

 and to be found only by dissection (fig. 61), generally soft skinned 

 and armed with setae varying in number, arrangement, size, and 

 shape according to species or genus. Galea either entirely soft- 

 skinned or distally chitinized like a single joint with a soft-skinned 

 tip; several setae placed irregularly at the inner margin of galea; 

 between these a short conical papilla with a basal ring {ga*). Max- 



