] 08 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY III. 



peculiarities are rarely noticed unless the pharyngeal teeth aie exposed. 

 The writer has obtained tour sets of the pharyngeal jaws and one entire 

 skeleton, but has seen only two small specimens, collected by Professor 

 Brayton in the Illinois River, and has obtained none in life. 



Since the foregoing was written, I have collected numerous large 

 specimens in the French Broad Kiver, North Carolina, where it is the 

 most abundant member of the family, known to all fishermen as the " Red 

 Horse". With a great superficial resemblance to the JSorthern Red 

 Hoise [2Iyxostoina macrolepidotum), Plncopharynx carinatus differs from 

 all the si)ecie8 of Myxostoma in its larger and jnore oblique mouth and 

 extremely thick lips. 



2. PLACOPHARYNX CARINATUS Cope. 



Big-jawed Sucker. 



1870 — Placopharynx carinatus Cope, Pioc. Am. Pbilos. Soc. Pliila. 467, 1870. 



Flacopharynx carinatus Joupan, Fishes of Ind. 221, 1875. (Name only.) 



Placopharynx carinatus Jordan, Man. Vert. 2'J6, 1876. 



Placopharynx carinatus Nelson, Bull. No. 1, Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist. 49,1876. 



Placopharynx carinatus Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 158, 1876. (Name 

 only.) 



Placopharynx carinatus Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 72, 1877. 



Placopharynx carinatus Jordan & Gilbert, in Klippart's Kept. 53, 1877. (Name 

 only.) 



Placopharynx carinatus Klippart, First Report Ohio Fish Conimissiou, 86, 1877. 



Placopharynx carinatus Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix, 50, 1877. (Name only.) 



Placopharynx carinatus Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2t], 311, 1878. 



Placopharynx carinatus Jordan, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. vol. iv, No. 2, p. 417, 1878. 

 Habitat. — Mississippi Valley and Upper Great Lakes. Wabash River {Cope. Jordan). 

 Scioto River. Ohio River. Detroit River. Illinois River. French Broad River. 



The following is Professor Cope's description of this species: — 

 '' The physiognomy and proportions of this sucker are tho.se of the 

 Pt. erythriirus or the 'red horse' of the Western Rivers. 



" The lips are large and plicate, the anterior pendent like that of the P. 

 collapsus, the posterior full like that of Pt. cervinus. Muzzle vertically 

 truncate. Length of head in that of body four times; depth of body in 

 same 3.60 times; scales 6— 41— 5. Radii D. XIV, V. 9, A. 7. Free mar- 

 gin of dorsal straight, not elevated anteriorly. Occipital region more 

 elevated medially than in Pt. erythriirus, superior ridges well marked, 

 with a special addition characteristic of this species, and of none other 

 with which I am acquainted. This is a median longitudinal frontal 

 ridge, extending from the fontanelle to between the nasal ridges. Oulj 



