BIRDS. 99 



the cook bad thrown overboard ; were «hy and difficult to shoot. Full- 

 grown young of this species were shot in the first days of September j 

 these were even darker than the young of L. argentatus, the primaries 

 and tail being very nearly black. 



66. Larus mariuus, Linn. 



" Nayanlluk," Greenlanclers. 



Observed in Cumberlautl only in late autumn ; cannot ascertain that 



they bi'ced there ; quite common on the Greenland coast form 03^ to 70^ 



N. lat. Abundant in October on the South Labrador coast and aSTew- 



foundland. Hundreds daily frequent St. John's Harbor, !N"ewfoundland. 



67. Larus argentatus, Briinu. 



"Nowyali," Cumberland Eskimo. 



Not uncommon in Cumberland, and breeds to lat. C7^ N. A mere 

 straggler on the Greenland coast. Specimen shot June 20 in Cumber- 

 land contained ova as large as buckshot. 



68. Pagophila eburnea, Gm. 



" Nay auarsuk," Greenlanclers. 

 Very common in Kingwah Fjord and vicinity just before it lioze uj), 

 for a few days only. None seen in spring. Does not breed in Cumber- 

 land. By no means common on the Greenland coast. The food of those 

 I examined consisted of small crustaceans. I saw one trying to swallow 

 the icing of a 8om. mollissima that the cook had thrown overboard, when 

 I shot it. The wing was so lodged in the oesophagus that it would cer- 

 tainly have choked the bird had it not disgorged. Those that visited 

 our neighborhood seemed to have a very decided preference for meat. 

 I once saw three or four alight on a seal that had just been killed, and 

 attemi^t to get at the flesh. They are easily decoyed within shot by 

 strewing pieces of meat on the ice. Were one of the most abundant 

 and greedy birds around a whale carcass that had been killed in the 

 vicinity. The specimens I procured that were nearly in adult plumage 

 had a greenish yellow bill at base and bright yellow tip, with no dusky 

 markings; the younger birds only had the bill clouded with dusky. 

 There appears to be a marked difference in the size of the sexes, the 

 female being one to two inches shorter than the male. 



69. Rissa tridactyla, Linn. 



"Nowaviih" (Little Nowyali), Cumberland Eskimo. " Tattarat," or '' Tatarak," 

 Greenlanders and Eskimo about Frobislier Straits. 

 The kittiwake was first noticed in the Straits of Belle Isle, on our 

 outward passage, the 18th of August, 1877. From this point northward 



