20GG Bullctbi /7, United States National Museum. 



behind beginning of second dorsal, and ends under the posterior end of 

 the latter, rays 5 to 7, usually 6 or 7; pectorals large, about as long as 

 head, broadly oval in form, with 15 to 17, usually 15, rays, of which the 

 lower are somewhat thicliened and have their tips exserted; ventrals 

 about i of pectorals, rays 3 (I, 2) ; caudal rounded, with 7 long rays, and on 

 each side 2 to 3 small ones. Scales with 37 to 40 pores. Color of back and 

 sides grayish brown; sometimes with olive-brown markings and some- 

 what marbled with darker; ventral surface pale; 3 or 4 blackish or 

 blackish-brown cross jiatches, of which 1 lies about midway on peduncle 

 and 1 at base of caudal; ventral side of tail pale, with grayish-brown 

 spots; dorsals, pectorals, and anal grayish, with blackish-brown patches 

 forming indefinite bands. Males are distinguished, according to Nilsson, 

 by a genital papilla and broader interorbital space, which equals 1^ 

 diameter of eye. The young, about li inches or more, differ in many 

 respects from the adults. According to Steenstrup and Liitken they 

 have a less elongate body form, its breadth about 3f in total length; 

 snout less prominent; diameter of orbit about equal to snout; the 4 nasal 

 spines smaller than in adult, but the keels on head and the post-temporal 

 spines more prominent and sharper, as are also the keels and spines of the 

 plates of the body, especially those on anterior part of back and on tail. 

 Median dorsal keel of tail, which is single in the adult, is double almost 

 to base of caudal. Barbels on under side of head rudimentary. Ventrals 

 somewhat longer. Vent farther back, between the plates of fifth pair 

 behind base of ventrals. Sharper contrasts between the light and dark 

 colors. In young of about 17 mm. (about f inch) Collett found head 

 4 in total length. Between second dorsal and caudal fins mere traces of 

 the embryonic dorsal fin. Upper and lower jaws equal. Plates of body 

 Avith very sharp and high spines; supraorbital ridge with a high, sharp 

 spine; both the dorsal and ventral median keels of tail double. Only 

 anterior part of lateral line apparent. In a young one of 39 mm. (about 

 If inches) the upper jaw projected considerably beyond the lower, and 

 the double row of plates along dorsal face of tail was nearly fused into 

 one (after Liitken). Total length about 8 inches, the more usual length 

 being 6 inches. Northern Europe to western Greenland; * recorded from 

 Baltic Sea; southern, western, and northern coasts of Norway, as far as 

 Eussian Lapland; Arctic Ocean, White Sea (Pallas) ; Iceland and Faroe 

 Islands (Liitken); Great Britain; northern coast of France (Gervais and 

 Boulart). Found in 6 to 16 fathoms (except in winter), mostly on sandy 

 bottoms; till lately not known from American waters, it having been con- 

 founded with Lcptagonus dicagonus. (Eu.) {cataphractus, KardippaHTOi;, 

 mailed.) 



Cottvs cirris plurimis, Artedi, Ichthyologia, Part IV, 87,1738. 



Cottus cataphractiig, LiNN.EUS,Syst., Nat., Ed. x, 264, 1758; after Artedi ; Syst., Nat., Ed. 



xn. Part I, 451, 1766; Fabee, Naturgesch. der Fische Islands, 117, 1829, Jutland; 



Iceland. 

 Cottus brodamus, Bonnaterre, Encycl. Meth., 67, northern seas, after Olafssen, Ist. X, 589. 



*The Museum of Stanford University has recently received 2 tine examples of this 

 species from Davis Straits, western tJreenlaud, through the kindness of Prof. D. W. 

 Thompson of the University of Dundee. 



