Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of North America. 1381 



shore fishes, feeding largely on green or olive alga? ; chiefly of the Medi- 

 terranean Sea and the Pacific Ocean ; most of them valued as food. Gen- 

 era 20, species about 70. (Sparidw, groups Cantharina and Pimelepterina, 

 Gunther, Cat. Fishes, i, 413-432; 497-499, 1859.) 



GlRELLIN^: 

 a. Soft part of dorsal and anal fins naked or partly scaled ; head more or less naked ; 

 teeth in broad bands, all freely movable, none on vomer ; pyloric ca;ca very numer- 

 ous ; vertebroB in somewhat increased number. Pacific Ocean. 

 6. Incisors all tricuspid. 



c. Dorsal spines 14 or 15 ; each jaw with a series of flat, movable, tricuspid 

 incisors, behind which is a broad band of similar smaller ones ; dorsal 

 continuous, its spines low. Girella, 563. 



cc. Dorsal spines 12 or 13; "in both jaws series of flat, tricuspid teeth, behind 

 which is a band of similar teeth, less developed and replacing the 

 former;" soft dorsal and anal elevated. Doydixodon, 564. 



Kyphosin^ : 

 aa. Soft parts of vertical fins closely scaly; teeth more or less fixed, usually present 

 on vomer; pj'loric caeca numerous. 

 d. Top of head as far back as posterior margin of eyes, naked; incisor teeth nar- 

 row, equal, rounded; spinous dorsal much longer than soft dorsal; soft 

 anal higher and shorter than soft dorsal. Heemosilla, 565. 



dd. Top of head as well as sides and jaws closely scaled; broad bands of teeth 

 behind the incisors ; villiform teeth on vomer, palatines and tongue ; dor- 

 sal spines low ; incisor teeth lanceolate. 

 c. Incisor teeth strong, with horizontal, backward projecting roots; soft 

 dorsal and anal not much elevated. 

 /. Incisor teeth well developed, each with a conspicuous horizontal proc- 

 ess or root; caudal fin moderate, about as long as the head, the 

 outer rays not 3 times as long as the middle rays; junction of gill 

 membranes forming an angle. Kyphosus, 566. 



ff. Incisor teeth small, -with inconspicuous roots; caudal much longer 

 than head, the lobes falcate, the outer 5 times length of middle 

 rays; gill mombtanes not forming an angle at junction. 



Sectatoe, 567. 

 ee. Incisor teeth very narrow, without evident roots. 



g. Anal fin short, 3J in length of body, its rays III, 19; dorsal spines 

 gradually increasing in height to the sixth, then decreasing 

 backward ; soft dorsal and anal not falcate ; preopercle slightly 

 serrate ; teeth narrow but evidently compressed. 



Medialuna, 568. 



563. GIRELLA, Gray. 



Girella, Geay, Illustrations of Indian Zoology, about 1840 (punctata). 



Melaniehthys, Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poissons, 75, 1850 (punctatvs). 



Camarina, Ayees, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1860, 81 (nigricans). 



Body oblong-ovate, compressed, covered with rather large scales. 

 Mouth small, with a scries of tricuspid, movable incisors, behind which is 

 a broad band of similar smaller ones; no molar teeth; no teeth on vomer 

 or tongue ; lower pharyngeal teeth slender. Cheeks with very small scales ; 

 opercles and top of head chiefly naked. Gill rakers slender. Dorsal fin 

 rather low, with about 14 spines, on the bases of which the scales extend, 

 forming an imperfect sheath ; no groove at base of dorsal ; no procumbent 

 dorsal spine; anal spines small, graduated; caudal lunate. Air bladder 

 divided into 2 posterior horns. Pyloric cieca numerous ; intestinal canal 



