Jordan and Evcnnann. — Fishes of Noiih America. 1411 



of Mexico, not rare about Mazatlau; a food-fisli of some importance. 

 (|a7^9o'g, yellow; ovXov, singular of ov^.a, the gums.) 



Gynoscion xanthulum, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. ISTat. Mus. 1881, 460, Mazatlan 

 (Type, No. 28109. Coll. Gilbert) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comui. 1882, 107. 

 Ceitreus xanthulum, Jordan & Eigenmann, I. c, 369, 1889. 



1786. f'YNOSCION ALBUS (Giinther). 



Head 3i; depth 4 to 4^. D. X-I, 21; A. II, 9; scales 8-63 (pores)-18, 66 

 series of scales. Head large, hlnntish, the snout shorter th;in in C. 

 stolzmanni, 4 to i\ in head; eye 6^; maxillary nearly h head, reach- 

 ing well past eye; gill rakers I eye, about 4 + 8. Body rather robust; 

 lateral line becoming straight at a point well in advance of vent; dorsal 

 spines slender, the longest 24 in head; soft rays of dorsal and anal scale- 

 less ; caudal double truncate, the middle rays longer than the head without 

 snout; pectorals nearly reaching tips of veutrals, more than I length of 

 head; second anal spine evident. Color white, somewhat bluish above, 

 without markings. Pacific coast of tropical America, not rare at Panama. 

 Like the others of the genus, it is a food-fish of importance. This species 

 is close to Cynoscion xanthnlus, but the scales are larger, {albus, white.) 



Otolithm alius, GOnther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend. 1864, 149, Chiapas; Panama; GiJNTHER, 

 Fiahea Central America, 387 and 429, 1869; Steindachner, Neueu. SelteneFischek.k. 

 Zool. Mus. Wien, 36, 1879. 



Otolithus cayennensis, Vaillant & Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mexlque, Poiss., 156, 1874; 

 specimen from La Union ; not cayennensis, Lacep15de. 



Cynoscion album, Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. IT. S. Fish. Comm. 1881, 319. 



Gestreus albus, Jordan & Eigenmann, I. c, 370, 1889. 



1787. CYNOSCION MACDONALDI, Gilbert. 



(Totuava.) 



Head 3| ; depth 4; eye 5i in head (in young), 12 (in adult); snout 4f. 

 D. IX-I, 24; A. II, 7; scales 13-85 to 90-22, 50 to 55 pores. Snout sharp; 

 lower jaw protruding, mouth moderate, somewhat oblique, the maxillary 

 reaching vei'tical from middle of orbit, 2f to 2? in head. No enlarged 

 canines on either jaw; teeth in front of premaxillaries mainlv in 2 

 distinct rows, uniting laterally to form a narrow band, the inner row 

 composed of smaller teeth directed downward an<l backward, the outer 

 series of stronger conical teeth, a few scattering teeth between the 2 

 rows; teeth in the lower jaw in a narrow, irregular double series. Eye 

 small. Both vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle minutely serru- 

 late, entire in the adult; opercle ending in a flattened process showing 

 2 short spinous points, emarginate behind in the adult, without evident 

 spinous points; gill rakers about diameter of pupil, strong, toothed, 1 or 

 2 above angle, 9 or 10 below. Scales very strongly ctenoid, becoming 

 greatly reduced on nape, about 25 to 40 transverse series between occiput 

 and front of dorsal ; a narrow, definite, scaly sheath at base of dorsal and 

 anal, these fins otherwise naked; caudal scaled for a short distance on 

 basai portion; scales above lateral line rapidly increasing in size back- 

 wards, 13 in a transverse series between lateral line and front of dorsal; 



