Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 1455 



Johnius," Bloch, Iclithyologia, x, 107, 1793 {carutta, etc., restricted by Dr. Gill to 



earutta.) 

 Scioena, Cuvier, Kegne Animal, Ed. i, 297, 1817 (restricted to Scioena umbra, a Linnfeaii 



apecies, and to Scicena aquila, a non-Linnsean one) (not of Regne Animal, Ed. ii, which 



ia Pseudoscicena, Bloch; type, aquila). 

 Bola, Francis Hamilton, Fi.shes of the Ganges 1822 (coitor, etc.). 

 Gorvina. Cuvier, R^gne Animal, Ed. ll, Vol. 2, 1829 {nigra=umbra). 

 Cheilotrema, TscnuDi, Fauna Peruana, Fische, 13, 1845 (fasciatum). 

 Ithinoscion, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861,85 (satitmus). 

 Callaus, Jordan, Review Sciajnidre, 395, 1889 (deliciosiis). 



Body oblong, the back more or less elevated aud compressed ; raoutb low, 

 rather small; the snout with couspicnons slits aud pores, the lower jaw 

 included; teeth in bands iu both jaws, the outer enlarged above; pre- 

 opercle with a crenulate membranaceous edge, but without bony serrte in 

 young or old; gill rakers short and thick, rather few; lower pharyngeals 

 moderate, separate, with bluntish teeth; soft dorsal long, anal short; 

 caudal fiu various; second anal spine various. Species very numerous, 

 varying greatly among themselves, mostly belonging to the Old AVorld. 

 (Sciwna, the ancient name of Sciana umbra; from dnid, shade.) 

 Callaus (Callao, Peru) : 



a. Second anal spine small and alender, 4^ in head; body compressed; teeth of lower 



jaw unequal; gill ralfera slender; dorsal and anal scaled at base only; depth 3. 

 D. X-I, 23. Color silvery. deliciosa, 1837. 



aa. Second anal spine long aud stout, 2 to 3 in head; back elevated ; mouth small. Color 

 dusky. 

 Cheilotrema (xetAo-s, lip; rprifxa, pore) : 



b. Vertical tins low, the membranes of dors.il and anal closely scaled ; caudal fin Innate, 



the upper lobe the longer. 

 c. Dorsal rays X-I, 27 or 28; snout n;oderately blunt. satuena, 1838. 



Subgenus CALLAUS, Jordan. 



1837. SCLENA DELICIOSA (Tschudi). 



Head 3; depth 3-,^r; eyeSiinhcad; snout 4i. D. X-I, 23; A. II, 9; scales 

 50. Head and body compressed, the back arched, the outline oblong-ellip- 

 tical; profile straightish, rather steep; snout bluntish ; eye rather large, 

 as wide as the broad preorbital ; slits and pores on snout anteriorly well 



still smaller. The upper teeth are nearly alike in all of these; of the 4 mentioned they 

 are largest in diacantha, smallest in deliciosa. In some East Indian species (referable to 

 Bola?) these teeth are still larger, some of them almost canine like. 



The lower teeth are rather large, ami ( hictly uniserial in diufantha and other species of 

 Bola, in 2 or 3 rows, the inner enlar^iiMl in ilfficinsa iiml ai/iiiln ■ in a broad band, some of 

 the inner enlarged in oceHrttrt. Lu Jnhiuiin, ('Itiilutiniiui. Siionn^ m\A most of the species 

 of Ophioscion, the lower teeth are in a broad band and L(iual. 



The preopercle is sharply serrate in youth, becoming entire with age in ocellata. In 

 aquila it is vaguely crenulate in youth, becoming iinally entire. In diacantha it remains 

 more or less crenulate. In dcliciona the preopercle is edged by tine flexible serrse. In 

 Ophioscion the preopercle is always sharply serrate. In Scimna, Cheilotrema, and Johnius 

 it is always entire, or at least without bony serratures. 



Among the 4 species first mentioned, the gill rakers are smallest in iiacani/ia (X + 7), 

 when they are short and thick, the longest not 4 the pupil. They are longest in deli- 

 ciosa.- whfTi tht^v arc alinder (x +12), as long as pupil. In aquila and ocellata they are 

 X + 8or!». latliii- slcmlcr :ind short, about f length of pupil. In most of the species of 

 the otlit'v groups {Oiiliiiiscinii, etc.) they are very few, short and thickish, usually not 

 more than \ the length of the puv>il. The form of the body offers nothing which can be 

 used for generic distinction, as the intergradations are very perfect. The same can be 

 said of the form and the squamation of the tins. 



In the present paper we have withdrawn Ophioscion, Scicenops, and Pteitdoscicena, 

 referring the other forms to Scicena. 



* Named for John, an early missionary in Tranquebar. 



