Jordan and Everniann. — Fishes of North America. 1519 



black spot on root of caudal fin, above lateral line. Immature individuals 

 with 6 very indistinct dark cross bands, the third of which has a blackish 

 blotch below lateral line ; an indistinct blackish spot at root of caudal fin. 

 Length 9 inches. Chiapas and Huamuchal. (Giinther.) {uaupoz, large ; 

 anavha, spine.) 



Hero macraeanthvs, Guntheb, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, 153, Chiapas and Hua- 

 muchal ; GiJNTHKK, Fishes Centr. Am., 451, 1869. 



1908. OirHLASOMA PABM.A (Giinther). 



Head 3 ; depth 2. D. XVII, 12 or 13 ; A. VI, 9 or 10 ; scales 5-31-13. Head 

 rather higher than long, with the nape very convex in adults; snout of 

 moderate extent, compressed, more or less elevated, much longer than eye; 

 cleft of mouth slightly oblique, jaws equal anteriorly, and maxillary hid- 

 den below preorbital, not extending to below front margin of orbit. Jaws 

 rather protractile, armed Avith a broad band of villiforui teeth, the teeth 

 of the outer series being enlarged; preorbital wider than orbit; interor- 

 bital space very convex, wider than orbit; eye nearly in middle of length 

 of head ; base of soft dorsal and aual with a few small scales ; dorsal spines 

 of moderate length and strength, length of twelfth rather less than \ that 

 of head in adults, and exactly l in young ones; soft dorsal and anal ele- 

 vated; caudal rounded; pectoral rounded, not much shorter than head; 

 outer ventral ray prolonged, less so in young individuals; fold of lower 

 lip interrupted in middle; .5 or (5 series of scales on cheek. Brownish or 

 greenish olive, with 7 xevy indistinct dark cross bands. The spaeimens 

 from Guatemala have a large l>lack Idotch on middle of root of caudal. 

 Fins dark brown in the adult, lighter in the young, and with a few scat- 

 tered dark dots. Length 9 inches. Mexico and Guatemala. (Giinther.) 

 (parma, a shield.) 



Ileros parma, Gunther, Cat. Fishes, iv, 285, 1862, Mexico and Guatemala; Giinther, 

 Fishes Centr. Am., 449, 1809. 



1909. CICHLASOMA MAROARITIFERUM (Giinther). 



Head 3; depth nearly 2. D. XVII, 11; A. VII, 9; Scales 5-31-13. 

 Head rather higher than long; a fleshy hump on nape, which is prob- 

 ably a character of mature age; snout compressed, rather high, of mod- 

 erate extent, its length contained 2f in that of head; preorbital much 

 wider than orbit, the diameter of which is i length of snout; cleft of 

 mouth slightly oblique, with lower jaw a little prominent beyond upper; 

 maxillary hidden below preorbital, not extending to front margin of 

 eye; jaws protractile, armed with a broadish band of vWliform teeth, 

 those of the outer series the larger; eye nearer to extremity of operculum 

 than to that of snout; scales on cheek not much smaller than those on 

 opercles; a few small scales at base of soft portions of vertical fins. 

 Dorsal spines of moderate strength and length, length of twelfth con- 

 tained 2^ in that of head; soft dorsal and anal somewhat elevated in 

 middle, extending to base of caudal; free portion of tail as long as high; 

 caudal fin slightly emarginate, with lobes rounded, i; total length; pec 

 toral shorter than head, extending to third anal spine; outer ventral ray 



