1542 Bulletin 4.J, U?iited States National Museum. 



1951. IVEETBOPLCS MCAUAGUENSIS, Gill .t Eransforil. 



Head short; depth 2i. D. XVIII, 11; A. YII, 7. Snout convex forward 

 and siibtruncated in front; length (or depth) of snout efiualing neai-ly \ 

 that of head; interobital area convex; pieopcrcuhim moderately ol)lique; 

 supramaxillaries terminating at a vertical about a pupil's length in 

 advance of orbits ; lips moderately developi'd, the lowt-r interrupted by 

 a broad isthmus in front; caudal peduncle slender, its length equaling its 

 height; dorsal spines increasing in a bold curve from iirst to fifth, the rest 

 subequal; tlie soft rays, when bent back, reaching nearly to terminal half 

 of caudal; anal fin commencing about under fourteenth dorsal spine, the 

 first 3 spines rapidly increasing, the succeeding more slowly, the longest 

 rays reaching to second third of caudal fin ; caudal fiu forming about \ of 

 extreme length, its posterior margin truncated; j)cctoral fin extending to 

 about a vertical with the anus; ventral fin to about the third or fourth 

 anal spine, the filament of the external ray moderately produced. Color 

 olive brown, almost uniform; fins also uniform, save that perhaps the 

 soft portion of dorsal and anal are darker at base. Lake Nicaragua. (Gill 

 &. Bransford.) 



Nectroplus nicaraguensis. Gill & Bransford, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1877, 186, Lake 

 Nicaragua. 



619. SATANOPERCA, Giinthcr. 

 (Pappaterras.) 

 Oeophagns, Heckel, Brasil. I'lusa-Fische. Ann. Wien. Miia. 18-10, 38.3 (surinamensis). 



Body compressed, oblong, covered with moderate, ctenoid scales; eye 

 behind middle of head ; mouth moderate, the teeth very small, conical, in 

 narrow bands; fold of lower lip interrupted mesially; preorbital deep; 

 dorsal spines 13 to 15 ; anal spines 3 ; base of soft dorsal naked ; cheek 

 with small scales; outer gill arch provided with a compressed lamelliform 

 lobe above, its concave side i^rovided with short horny jirocesses, the edge 

 of The lobe with more or less distinct papilla". Fresh waters of Brazil and 

 Peru ; 1 species entering our limits. This genus is very close to Geoplia- 

 gus, with which Steindachner and Eigenmauu have reunited it. The soft 

 dorsal is scaly at base in Geopliagus. (daTavd^, a demon; Ttspxtj, perch; 

 the type species was called a devil, Geophagtis dwmon, for no obvious 

 reason.) 



1953. SATANOPERCA OBASSILABUIS (Steiiidat liner). 



Head2f; depth 23; eye 5 in head; snout If; maxillary 3; mandible 3. 

 D. XVI, 9 ; A. Ill, 8 ; scales 5-35-9. Body short and stout ; snout long, 

 the dorsal outline abruptly and strongly arched above the eyes, forming 

 a prominent hump; ventral outline gently curved ; caudal peduncle long 

 and slender ; mouth moderate, little obli(|ue, maxillary not reaching more 

 than t distance to vertical of orbit; premaxillaries protractile; upper lip 

 with abroad flap in front, and strongly resembling that of Heros lohochi- 



