Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America, 1665 



2079. AXTIGOMA CAPROS, Lowe. 



(Shi siiidai.) 



Head 3; depth (greater with age) always more than length of body; 

 eye 2\ in head; snout 34. D. VIII, 36; A. Ill, 33; V. I, 5; P. 13; C. 12; 

 scales 15-59-40. Anterior profile of head steep, but growing steeper from 

 the nape to first dorsal, so that it is concave above eye; base of dorsal 

 forming a steep oblique line, corresponding to anterior profile; base of 

 anal and outline of breast also very oblique; maxillary reaching front of 

 eye ; 3 or 4 rows of scales on cheek ; prickles on chin ; preorbital and other 

 bones of head longer and more numerous in males; top of head covei'ed 

 with rough serrate stria' ; third dorsal spine strong, rough, and curved, \\ 

 in head; first anal spine about as long as eye, 2^ to 2| in head; ventral 

 spine IJ; caudal 1^. Scales very rough, much as in Friacanthns. Lateral 

 line complete, concurrent with back. Air bladder large. Color golden 

 red. Length about a foot. In rather deej) water, widely distributed in 

 the Atlantic, and also in the Pacific about Japan and the Ki Islands, and 

 Manado, if the Pacific species, Antigonia i-uhesccns, proves to be identical 

 with A. capros, as is supposed. It lives in about 100 fiithoms. (Stein- 

 dachner; specimens from Tokio.) {Capros, a related genus, from naitftoc,, 

 a grunting sea-fish.) 



Antigonia capros, Lowe, Proc. Zoiil. Soc. London 1813, 85, Madeira. 



Caproplwnus aurora, Muller <fc Troschel, Horm Ichthyologic.T, in, p. 28, pi. 5, fig. 1, 



1845, Barbados. 

 Hypsinotus ruhescens, Schleoel, Fauna Japonica, Poissons, 84, pi. 42, fig. 2, 1847, Omura, 



Japan. 

 Antigonia mullcri, Klunzingek, Sitzb. Ak-ad. Wiss. Wien., lxxx, 1879, 380, pi. G, fig. 3, 



King George's Sound. 

 Antigonia capros, Goode & Bean, Oceanic Iclitliyology, 229, fig. 235, 189G. 



Suborder S(JUAMIPINNES. 



(The Scaly-fins.) 



Body compressed, covered with small or minute ctenoid scales; lateral 

 liue unarmed, concurrent with the back; mouth small, with slender or 

 brush-like teeth; opercles armed or not; nostrils double; gills 4, a slit 

 behind the fourth; gill membranes united to the broad scaly isthmus; 

 pseudobranchi;e present; air bladder present ; dorsal fin long, the spines 

 usually well developed, the soft part usually more or less scaly; caudal 

 usually truncate or double concave; anal similar to soft dorsal ; ventrals 

 thoracic, sometimes rudimentary, sometimes -with 2 sjiines, the pubic bone 

 becoming progressively elongate; A'ertebra- usually 10+14=24, but some- 

 times still further reduced. Basis of cranium double, with a double mus- 

 cular tube; post-temporal trifurcate or bifurcate in Ephipphlw and other 

 transitional forms, as in the Scombroids and Percoids; in other species 

 firmly united to the skull, its structure showing the usual 3 forks, the space 

 between them filled in by bone, so that only a foramen is left; second, 

 third, and fourth upper pharyngeals small, usually reduced to Aertical 



