1714 Bulletm ^7, United States National Museum. 



its lengtli 2,\ in bead ; dorsal spine very stout and straight, everywhere 

 rough, but without distinct barbs, 1^ in head; dorsal rays 2 in head; anal 

 ray 2 in head; caudal short and rounded, If in head; pectoi'al 2\'\\i. head; 

 pelvic l)one with ventral spine firmly attached, the latter with about 10 

 radiating spinules; ventral tiap little developed; caudal peduncle with 4 

 strong, bluntish spines, turned forward and arrayed in 2 pairs, 1 above 

 and 1 below the middle line. Color dull grayish olive; head finely 

 sjieckled with darker; fius all jiale; lips whitish. Islands oif the west 

 coast of Mexico; 1 specimen about 7 inches long from Clarion Island. 

 (Named for Mrs. Charlotte McGregor, mother of Eicbard C. McGregor.) 



Cantherines carolce, Jordan & McGregor MS., Clarion Island. (Type, No. 11995, L. S. 

 Jr. Univ. Mas. Coll. K. C. McGregor.) 



673. MONACANTHUS, Cuvier. 



Monaeanthus, Cuvier, Efegne Animal, Ed. i, 152, 1817 (chinensis). 



Trichodcnna, Swain-sox, Class'n Fishes, etc., n, 327, 1839 (scap'us=Balisteherisse, Lac6pede). 



Stephanole2)is, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 78 (seti/er). 



Body short and deep, very strongly compressed, covered with minute, 

 rough scales. Mouth very small; upper jaw with a double series of 

 incisor-like teeth, usually 6 in the outer and 4 in the inner series; lower 

 jaw with about 6 incisors in a single series; teeth connivent, unequal ; 

 gill opening a small slit, shorter than the eye, nearly vertical below the 

 posterior part of the eye, and just in front of upper edge of pectoral. 

 Dorsal spine large, armed with 2 series of retrorse barbs, and no con- 

 spicuous filaments; second dorsal and anal fins similai^to each other, of 

 about 25 to 35 rays each; caudal fin moderate, rounded; pelvic bone with 

 a blunt, movalde spine, the bone connected by a movable fiap of varying 

 size; side of tail often Avitb a patch of spines, especially in the males. 

 Vertebra- 7 + 11 to 14 = 18 to 21. Species very numerous, in warm seas, 

 most of them reaciiing a smnll size. All are lean fishes with leathery skin 

 and bitter flesh, unsuited for food, (//oj'o?, one; axavOa, spine.) 



MoNACANTHUS : 



a. "Ventral flap in the adult greatly developed, extending much beyond the ventral 

 spine; adult with 2 or 3 pairs of recurved spines on caudal peduncle; young 

 without these characters, similar to young of Stephanolejns. 

 b. D.I, 30; A. 30. Color very variable. Ciliatus, 2130. 



StEPHANOLEPIS (<rT6'<|)Oi'OS, CroWU; \enCs, SCille) : 



aa. "Ventral flap, even in adult, moderately developed, not reaching beyond pelvic spine ; 

 no recurved spines on caudal peduncle. 

 c. Dorsal and anal each with 30 to 32 soft rays. 



d. Depth more than J length of body. hispidus, 2131. 



dd. Depth less than i length of body. spilonotus, 2132. 



cc. Dorsal and anal each with about 27 soft rays. opposiTUS, 2133. 



2180. MONOCANTHUS CILIATUS (Mitchill). 



(Leather Pish; Lija.) 



Head 8i; depth IJ; young U. D. I, 30; A. 30; scales very small, with- 

 out median crest. Spines becoming longer on caudal peduncle, which 

 has in addition 2 or 3 pairs of strong spines curved forward, these prom- 



