1756 Bidlethi ^y, United States Natiojial Museum. 



about the Hawaiian Islands, where it is regarded with veneration as the 

 king of the tunnies and mackerels, (truncatus, cut oft' short.) 



Tetrodon truncatus, Eetzius, Vet. Ak. Nya Handl., vi, 2, 116, 1785. 



Orthagoriscus ohlongus, Bloch & Schneidee, Syst. Iclitliyol., 511, 1801. 



Cephalus varius, Shaw, Gen. Zool., v, 439, 1804. 



Cephalus elongatus, Ilisso, Eur. Merid., in, 173, 1826. 



Molri planci, Naedo, iu Ferussac, Bull. Sci. Nat., xni, 437, 1828. 



Cephalus cocherani, Tkaill, Werner. Mem., vi, 1832. 



Orthagoriscus truncatus, Gunther, Cat., vni, 319, 1870; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit., pi. 149, 276, 



1884. 

 lianzania truncata, Jokdan ..t Gilbeet, Synopsis, 966, 1883. 



Suborder LOEIOATI.* 

 (The Mail-Cheeked Fishes.) 



This group is distinguished by a single peculiar character, the extension 

 of the third suborbital bone across the cheek to or toward the preopevcle. 

 From the Craniomi, an offshoot from the same group, in which the develop- 

 ment of the suborbital stay is carried much farther, the present group is 

 distinguished by the normal character of the shoulder girdle. The follow- 

 ing definition of the Loricati is given by Dr. Gill (Proc. U. S. Nat, Mus. 

 1888, 589) : 



Acanthopterygians with the .scapular arch normal, the post-temporal and postero- 

 temporal forming part, and the latter intervening between the post-temporal and the 

 proscapula. Infraorbital chain with all bones entering into the orbital margin and func- 

 tional, only partially extended over the cheek; with the third bone hypertrophied and 

 developed as a stay impinging on the anterior wall of the preoperculum ; post-temporal 

 variously connected with the epiotic and pterotic; iutermaxillaries with well-developed 

 ascending pedicles gliding over the front of the prosethmoid. 



In all other respects the group is subject to great variation. Concern- 

 ing this, Dr. Gill has the following excellent discussion: 



In view of the wide range of variation that has been shown to be manifested by the 

 various members of the great group of mail-cheeked fishes it may be considered that it is 

 not a natural group. In one sense it is not. The dilferences are certainly sufficient to 

 justify the segregation of its elements, not only into a number of families but into seven 

 superfamilies. Nevertheless, the relations between the various members are such as to 

 indicate that they form a natural although much-interrupted series, and the guess of 

 Cuvier is apparently justitied by a'detailed examination of the anatomy. 



The most generalized of the mail-cneoked fishes appear to be the Scorpcenoidea. These 

 have the general form of ordinary fishes like the Serranids, Sparids, and numerous others. 



in the smaller eye, in having the eye placed well above the mouth and above the axis of 

 the body, iu the high position of the pectoral fin, in the higher dorsal and anal, and in 

 the coloration. Known only from 1 .specimen in L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus., 20 inches long, 

 taken at the mouth of Pearl Harbor. Honolulu, by Mr. Hiel Kapu, and sent to Stanford 

 University by Mr. Charles B. AVilson. {makua,'the native name of the fish, meaning 

 the source from which the Bonito and the Albicore sprung in ages past.')" 



lianzania makua, Jenkins, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., series 2, v, October 31, 1895, 780 to 784, with 

 colored plate. 



* Called Cataphracti on page 781, but Loricati is the earliest single word applied as a 

 name to this group. Dr. Gill remarks: "Cuvier gave no latin name to the 'Jones cui- 

 rassees,' and it has been attempted to remedy tin- difect by the proposal of various names 

 involving the idea, e. g., Buc-ce Loricatte (M(:\Iurti if, 1831), Loricati (Jenyns, 1835), Par- 

 eiplonidw and Pareoplitce (Richardson, 18:m), Caiithileptcs (Swainson, 1838), Cataphracti 

 (Miiller, 1843), ffclrropavei (Gravenhorst, 1845), ScleroijeaidcB (Owen, 1846), and Vataphrac- 

 toidw (Cantor, 1850)." 



