268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxv. 



specimen from that locality. This species is correctly described and 

 roughly tigured ])y Schlegel, who refers to it as the 3^oung of Mona- 

 cavfhus ohlongits^ regarding Pseiidoiuonacantkus modestus as the adult 

 of the same species. Schlegel's count of 5 rays (D-38; A-33) is evi- 

 dently drawn from Pseudomonacanthus modestus. In the plates a 

 much smaller number is shown. Our specimen corresponds to Schle- 

 gel's figure of Monacanthus ohhmgus.^ and to the account of Monacan- 

 thiis hroekl given by Bleeker. Bleeker's oblongu^, with 10 caudal 

 filaments, higher dorsal spine, and shorter snout may be a different 

 species, but it is probable that the difi'erence is one of age or sex. 

 No two of the recorded specimens agree as to the number of caudal 

 filaments. 



{ohlongus, oblong.) 



9. PSEUDOMONACANTHUS Bleeker. 



Pseudomonacanthm Bleeker, Xedrl. Tydskr. Dierk., III. 1866, p. 11 {macrurus) . 

 AcnnthalutereH 'B'LE.^ViKR, Atlas Ichth. Balist., 1865-69, p. 100 ( paragoudatus). 



This genus difl'ers from MotiacanthuK chiefly in having the ventral 

 spine immova1)ly attached to the pelvic ])one. The body is oblong, 

 covered with velvety scales, the depth being not more than half the 

 length. The dorsal spine has a row of retrorse barbs on each lateral 

 edge, and usually a pair of rows of smaller barbs in front, the latter 

 almost obsolete in old specimens. The species vary considera])ly in 

 form. Chiefly East Indian. 



[il^evd?/?^ false; Monardntlnis). 



13. PSEUDOMONACANTHUS MODESTUS (Giinther). 

 CIIACIIE; KUROHAGI (BLACK SCRAPER). 



Monacanlhm uhlongm Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 291; Nagasaki 



(in part, description of adults, not figures). 

 Monacanthus modestus GUnther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1877, }). 446; Inland Sea 

 of Japan (D. IT, 36; A., 34; depth, 2| in length; dorsal spine broken, see 

 Boulenger). 

 Pseudomonacanthus modestus Jordan and Snyder, C'heck List, 1901, ]>. 93; Yoko- 

 hama, Hakodate. 

 Monacanthus poljakoui Herzenstein, Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. St. Petersburg, 1896, 

 p. 98; Yokohama, Coll. 1. S. Poljakow. (Length 287 mm., depth 2| in 

 - length; D,. II, 37; A., 35; adult specimen; profile convex. ) 

 Monacanthus maximomiczii Herzenstein, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Ac. St. Peters- 

 burg, 1896, p. 9; Hakodate, Coll. Maximowicz. (Length 144 nmi., depth 

 2i in length; D: II, 37; A., 35; young example; profile concave). 

 Monacanthus f atjraudl Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 3; Boshu (not of Quoy and 

 Gaimard ) . 

 Head 3| to 3|; depth 2i to 2i; D. I. 30 to 38; A. 34 to 30. Body 

 elongate, strongly compressed. Head deeper than long; snout not 

 produced much; upper profile mostl}- convex; lips not very thick and 

 fleshy; median teeth of the mandible the largest and most powerful, 

 and all with notched edges; jaws almost equal; eye high in head, 4 in 



