NO. 1296. JAPANESE CHMTODONTIDvE— JORDAN AND FOWLER. 529 



coral reef.s, notwithstanding their bright colors. The young are very 

 different from the adult and pass through a stage termed ThoUcJithys 

 in which the meml)ranes are greatly developed, forming collars and 

 sheaths about the head and neck. The Japanese name Choehouwo^ or 

 Butte rfiy-tish, like the Spanish name Marlpom, corresponds to our 

 commonest English designation for these fishes. 



Chigtodo7itinie: 

 a. Preopercle unarmed ; scales comparatively lai-ge (young with the TltolicJtthijs 

 form ) . 

 b. Snout little if at all produced; dorsal spines 10 to 14, not graduated, some of 

 the middle ones highest; anal spines 3. 

 c. Dorsal spines, none of them elevated or filiform. 

 d. Scales large, usually 35 to 50 in the lateral line. 

 e. Dorsal spines 12 to 14; teeth moderate; dorsal and anal with the base not 



strongly angulate Cluvlodon, 6. 



ee. Dorsal spines 8 to 11; teeth very small; dorsal and anal strongly angu- 

 late at base so that the greater part of the base of each fin is vertical. 



Coradmi, 7. 

 dd. Scales rather small, a])out 60 in the lateral line; dorsal spines 10 or 12. 



Mkrocanthus, 8. 

 cc. Dorsal fin with the fourth spine much elevated and filiform; scales moderate; 



forehead in the adult with bony projections Heniochus, 9. 



Pomararithintf: 

 u(t. Preopercle armed at its angle witli a very strong spine, which is sometimes 

 groove<l. 

 /. Interopercle short and broad, armed with 1 to 4 strong spines; preopercle ser- 

 rate or spinous; dorsal spines about 14, graduated, the last one longest; 

 scales rather small; isthmus very narrow; vertical limb of preopercle simply 

 serrate, with 10 to 30 small teeth; liody oblong, rather robust. 



Hulacaulhus, 10. 



6. CHyETODON (Artedi) Linnaeus. 

 CHOCHOUWO OR BUTTERFLY FISHES. 



Chfvtodou Artedi, Genera, 1738, p. 51 (numerous species, the first one mentioned 



belonging to Pomacanihus; nonbinomial). 

 Telragonoptrus Klein, Historia Piscium, 1744, p. 37 (many species; strialus, etc.; 



nonbinomial). 

 Chietodon Linn^us, Systema Naturtt, 10th ed., 1758, p. 272 (includes all known 



Chxtodontida'.) . 

 CIvModon CuviER, Regne Animal, 2d ed., 1829, p. 189 {slriaius, capi>i(ntlu!<; first 



restriction of the name to the present group). 

 Rabdophorus Swainson, Class'n Fishes, II, 1839, p. 21 {ephlppniin; scales on 



lower half in nearly horizontal series; scales about 45). 

 Cilharxdus Kaup, Wiegmann's Archiv., XXVI, Pt. I, 1860, p. 141 {meijeri; scales 



on lower half of body in horizontal series; scales small, about 50). 

 Linopliora Kaup, Wiegmann's Archiv., 1860, XXVI, Pt. 1, 1860 {auriga; scales 



in series running downward and backward). 

 Sarothrodiis Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, ji. 238 {('finiodon Cuviek, not 



Artedi; offered as a substitute for Chietodon, the latter name being trans- 

 ferred to Pomacanthus) . 

 ThoUchthys GCnther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1868, p. 457 {o,^seus; larval form). 



Proc. N. M. vol. XXV— 02 34 



