No.1'297. THE OSTEOLOGY OF THE CAPHOID FISHES— STAnKS. 569 



with the cranium. The process which it sends down to the symplectic 

 is rather long- and slender. To its anterior edge the luetapterA^goid 

 s(Mids a process which is connected to it suturally. 



The palatine is short and broad, and is supported equally l)v the 

 niesopterygoid and the pteryg-oid. 



The pterygoid is triangular in shape, and occupies a position against 

 the upper two-thii-ds of the quadrate. 



The sjnuplectic runs along- the inner face of the quadrate to about 

 the middle of that bone. 



The mandible is very ))road. There is no open space between the 

 articular and the dentai-y. The edge of the dentar}^ is raised abrupt!}' 

 above the level of the teeth at its posterior upper edge. Below it 

 runs back to the angular. 



The angular is well developed, and is connected to the anterior end 

 of the interopercle bj' a ligament. 



The preorbital and suborbitals are covered with small sharp points, 

 and have the usual canal following their course. There is no subor- 

 bital shelf. 



The maxillary and premaxillary resemble those of Zem, though 

 very small in comparison. 



The backward extending process from the premaxillary runs 

 ol)liquely upward, and is much longer than the lateral portion which 

 forms the edge of the mouth. 



The maxillaries curve foi-ward ))elow over the ends of the premax- 

 illaries. 



HYOID AND BRANCHIAL ARCHES. 



The hypohyals are large and flat, the lower one the larger. 



The ceratohyal is pierced by a large hole at its upper edge. 



The epihyal is much deeper than long- and bears a stout interhyal. 

 Four of the six branchiostegals are attached to it; two to the ceratohyal. 



The urohyal is very large; it reaches past the posterior end of the 

 epihyal, and is nearly as deep as it is long. 



The branchial Iwnes are all present except the hypobranchial, as is 

 usual. The inferior pharj-ngeals are rather long- and are well sepa- 

 rated. The toothed superior pharyngeals are three in number, one to 

 each of the three posterior arches. They decre^ise in size backward, 

 and each bears a single row of sharp curved teeth. 



SHOULDER GIRDLE. 



The postemporal is not forked, and no tubercle is developed at its 

 lower end for connection to the cranium. It is much widened at its 

 lower end. 



The supraclavicle is rather elongate and does not depart from its 

 usual condition. 



