A REVIEW OF THE CH.ETODONTID.E AND RELATED 

 FAMILIES OF FISHES FOUND IN THE WATERS OF 

 JAPAN. 



Bj David Starr fJoRDAN uud Henry W. Fowler, 



Of llie Ldiind Stanford Junior Universil;/. 



Ill the present paper an account is given of the Japanese fishes 

 belono-in^ to the Chcetodontidce and to the more or less closely related 

 families of Zeidm, Antigcmiidai, PlatacldcV^ Acanthurida^, and Sigani- 

 dx. The account is based on material collected in 1900 b}^ Jordan and 

 Snyder under the auspices of the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory of Stan- 

 ford University, in connection with the series in the United States 

 National Museum, and some specimens collected b}^ the U. S. Fish 

 Commission steamer Alhatro-ss. 



The families included in this paper may be thus distinguished: 

 a. Ventral raysi, I, 6 to I, 8; scales minute or wanting; pul)ic bone short; post- 

 temporal firmly attached to the skull. 



aa. Ventral rays, I, 5 zeid.k, I. 



b. Teeth very small, not brush-like nor united; gill-membranes separate, free 



from isthmus; pelvis very long; scales ctenoid antigoniid.e, II. 



bb. Teeth elongate, brush-like or incisor-like; gill-membranes united to the broad 

 scaly isthmus; soft scaly fins. 

 (". Post-temporal bifurcate or trifurcate, not united witli the skull; teeth slen- 

 der, hardly brush-like; maxillary distinct; dorsal spines not separated 

 from the soft rays; body very deep; soft dorsal, anal, and ventrals much 



elevated platacid^. III. 



cc. Post-temporal apparently simple, firmly united to the skull; dorsal fin 



continuous. 



d. Teeth brush-like, setiforni, thick-set; post-temporal with a foramen 



which is usually fully jierforate; carnivorous fishes with the intestinal 



canal short; the caudal peduncle unarmed and the pubic i)one not 



greatly developed; maxillary distinct. 



e. Scales well developed ch.etodontid.e, IV. 



ee. Scales reduced to minute asperities; some of the dorsal spines fila- 

 mentous ZANCLID.E, V. 



dd. Teeth incisor-like, in a single series; post-temporal with a foramen 

 which does not pass through the bone; scales minute, rough; herbiv- 

 orous fishes with the intestinal canal elongate; the caudal peduncle 

 usually armed with spines or tubercles; maxillary and premaxillary 

 immovably united; post-temporal united with skull; pubic bones very 



long, bent, firmly attached to each other acanthurid.e, VI. 



ana. Ventral rays, I, 3, I; anal spines, seven; dorsal spines thirteen; scales 

 minute, cycloid; teeth incisor-like siciANiD^, VII. 



Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXV— No. 1296. 

 Proc. N. M. vol. XXV— 02 33 513 



