JAPANESE CH.ETODONTIDM— JORDAN AND FOWLER. 515 



1. ZENOPSIS Gill. 

 Znio^ixis (\iu., Pirn-. Ac. Nat. Bci. Phila., 1862, p. IL'H (nel,iilo!<iis). 



Body ovate, much compressed, without scales and without warts or 

 humps in the adult. Head deeper than long, its anterior profile steep. 

 Mouth rather large, upper jaw protractile; teeth small on jaws and 

 vomer, none on the palatines. Various bones of the head and shoul- 

 der girdle armed wath spines. Series of bon}' plates along the sides 

 of the l)elly and the bases of both dorsal and anal, each plate armed 

 with a strong spine with radiating stria? at the base. Gill rakers short. 

 Dorsal spines very strong, usually 10 in nuuiber, some of them fila- 

 mentous; anal spines 3; ventral fins long, the rays 1, 6, or I, 7. 

 Caudal peduncle slender, the fin not forked. This genus difi'ers from 

 Zt'KS mainly in the presence of 3 anal spines instead of -t, and in the 

 greater development of the spinous armature. 



(Z//K, a poetic form of Zevg, Jupiter; oifng^ appearance.) 



I. ZENOPSIS NEBULOSA (Schlegel). 

 KAGAMIDAI (MIRROR TAI OR PERCH). 



Zens nebiilosus ScnLE(iEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 123, pi. lxvi;, Naga- 

 saki. — GuNTHER, Cat. Fish, II, 1860, p. 395; Jajian.— iSteindachnek and 

 DoDERLEiN, Fisohe Japans, IV, 1884, p. 14; Tokyo. — Nystrom, Svensk. 

 Ak. Handl., 1887, p. 32; Nagasaki.— Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 43; 

 Tokyo. — Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 359; Tokyo. 



Head i>i; depth If. D. IX or 10-27; A. 111-25; P. 12; V. 1-0. Body 

 short, deep, compressed and elevated. No scales; the skin naked and 

 smooth; 12 to 1-1 ])ony ])ucklers along the base of the dorsal fin on each 

 side, each armed with a short curved spine, which is directed outward 

 and backward, and marked with radiating ridges; along the abdominal 

 ridge of the body from the gill-opening are a series of bony bucklers 

 on each side, which are 3 before ventrals, 8 between the latter and 

 anal, and 7 or 8 along the base of the anal; the dorsal bucklers are 

 smallest at base of spinous dorsal, becoming enlarged at the middle of 

 the soft dorsal; the bucklers before ventral are very small, the middle 

 ones between the base of the ventral and anal and along the base of the 

 latter the largest. Head long, deep, and obliquely quadrangular, the 

 upper profile concave; snout short; e3'^e moderate, high, li to If in 

 snout, 3| to -l in total length of the head, and 1^ to 1| in maxillary; 

 anterior margin of eye nearer the posterior margin of the opercle than 

 the tip of the snout; mouth large, deep, obliquely vertical, and with 

 the mandible protruding; the maxillary broad distally for about three- 

 fifths to two-thirds the diameter of the e3^e, and not extending poste- 

 riorly below in front of the eye; lips very broad and thin; teeth small 

 in l)oth jaws and directed inward; nostrils close together, directly in 



