NO. 1305. THE DRA G ONETS OF J A PA N— JORDAN A ND FO WLER. 947 



about six rather broad, pale, cross bars; on the sides of the trunk are 

 about six dark brown blotches, lower surface of the body white; 

 spinous dorsal gray with dark spots, the filaments barred even to near 

 their tips, and several white ocelli on the lower part of the fin; soft 

 dorsal pale, with numerous blackish specks; anal blackish, deeper 

 toward the tips of the rays, and the base marked with few very pale 

 blotches; pectorals with pale spots above; ventrals l)lackish o-ray with 

 a few dark specks, and the tips of the rays white; caudal edged with 

 blackish, and with six blackish cross bars made up of small spots. 

 Color of the male and female not different, the latter with the spinous 

 dorsal filaments, but the young without them, and the anal plain white, 

 except a narrow blackish band on the lower half. Here described 

 from specimens from Nagasaki, the largest 7i inches long. 



Our man}^ specimens are from Nagasaki, Wakanoura, and Aomori. 

 The type is No. 7186, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum, 

 I'oiype, is in the U. S. National Museum. This species differs from 

 the others of the genus in the smooth head and highly elevated dorsal 

 spines. 



(Sopvffaog, spear-bearer.) 



3. CALLIONYMUS Linnseus. 

 ('(dlioiujmiis Lixx.Ei\s, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 249 {hira) . 



This genus includes Dragonets with the ventral fins entire, without 

 detached ray, the gill opening reduced to a small foramen, opening- 

 upward, and the lateral line single; head triangular, depressed; eyes 

 directed upward; preopercular spine very large, hooked at tip and 

 with one or more recurved spines above; a small autrorse spine at 

 its base below; opercle unarmed; sexual differences strongly marked. 

 Species numerous, living on the bottoms in warm seas. In America 

 the few species live at a considerable depth. In the Mediterranean, 

 in India, and in .Japan they are shore fishes, swarming in all bays and 

 living in shallow water. In Japan the}^ are especially abundant, form- 

 ing a conspicuous part of the fish fauna. 



{KaXXig^ beauty; 6voi.uy^ name, an old appellation of some sea fish.) 

 '(. Preopercular spine with but two recurved hooks at its tip. 



b. Soft dorsal fin very high, its rays branched; a lunate black spot on membrane 

 of last spine; D., IV-S; A., 7; dorsal spines graduated, the first elongate. 



altirdis 5. 



hb. Soft dorsal fin moderate, the rays not branched; first dorsal spine only much 



produced in the male; spinous dorsal in male with a black ocellus; female 



with the posterior half of the fin l)lack; head rather liroad, its width 3 in 



length liiudlii.^, 6. 



aa. Preopercular spine with three or four recurved hooks alxjve; soft dorsal mod- 

 erate, its rays not branched. 

 c. Dorsal fins not joined by membrane. 



'/. First dorsal fan-shaped, the first and fourth sjnnes 1)eing always longest. 



