AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 295 



various sizes, and at various distances, varying from two inches from 

 the surface to eighteen. The cocoons under care in an artificial nest 

 were invariably kept in the dark; as soon as the cells containing them 

 were exposed to light they were removed. The number of shells 

 which the workers were carrying out of the hills indicated that many 

 of the nymphs were being released from the cocoons. For some 

 observation made by me upon the manner in which this is done by 

 the Carpenter Ant, I refer to a paper in Transactions of the American 

 p]utomological Society, Dec, 187G, p. 2SS. These antlings are at first 

 of a pale color, and while yet callow, within a few days of their release 

 from the shell, engage in the care of the cocoons. Such at least was 

 the case with those confined in an artificial nest. The antlings re- 

 mained in the nursery close by the cocoons, for which they showed 

 the strong maternal anxiety of a mature worker. It is probable, as 

 Sir John Lubbock has suggested, that they do not enter upon more 

 exposed duties until after the thorough induration of the skin. 



The followiiig is a description of the ant whose habits are detailed 

 in this paper : 



Foriiiiva riifa. 



Female. — Head, thorax, legs and scale of the petiole of abdomen ferruginous; 

 mandibles and posterior margin of vertex dusky; flagellum of antennae dusky, 

 the scape ferruginous; wings with one marginal, two submarginal and one 

 discoidal cells, pale fusco hyaline, stigma brown; abdomen shining, blackish, 

 varied with ferruginous at base, the apex and venter sometimes tinged with 

 brownish and clothed with pale hairs, petiole and scale ferruginous, the hitter 

 vertical, compressed, rounded on the sides above and slightly notched on the 

 middle. Length .35 inch. 



Worker. — Ferruginous; mandibles, flagellum and legs except coxse, trochan- 

 ters and extreme base of tibi.'e, fuscous; abdomen excef)t petiole blackish, shin- 

 ing; scale of petiole subrotund, subsinuate above. Length .25 inch. 



Male. — Blackish-fuscous, clothed with a very fine sericeous pile, more con- 

 spicuous on abdomen; antennse brown, scape tinged with ferruginous; wings 

 as in 9i 'egs pale ferruginous, posterior coxae dusky. Length .35 inch. 



Allegheney Mts., Pennsylvania. 



I add from the admirable work of Dr. Afct-'STK Foiikl, " Les Fourmis de la 

 Suisse," the following translation of his descriptions of the sub-family, genus 

 and European species to which our F. rufa belongs. My observations were all 

 made and the results recorded more than a year befjre I had access to M. Forel's 

 work. My paper is therefore in every respect wholly independentof his. I men- 

 tion this fact because it gives added value to tiiose facts observed by myself, which 

 will be found also in the " Swiss Ants." The same co-incidence will be observed 

 in the results recorded in my paper on Camponotus {Formica) Pennsylvanicus. 



