Jordan and Evcnnanii. — Fislies of Aforlh America. 29 



pale gray, fins all pale. 1j. 20 inches. West coast of Mexico, coniuiou iu 

 Gulf of California, {lunulattin, somewhat uioou-shaped, from the concave 

 margins of the fins). 



Miislelim IiuikIiiIkx, .Jordan A Gilbeut, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mue., 1H82, 108, Mazatlan, Mexico. 

 (Type, No. 2'J211.) 



31. JillSTELCS CAMS, (Mitchill). 

 (Smooth Hound; Dog-siiauk; Boca Dulce.) 



Body slender, tapering backward from the dorsal tin to the long slender 

 tail ; snout depressed, moderately sharp: mouth small, the teeth all alike 

 bluntish; a fold at the angle of the mouth ; lower lobe of caudal blunt; 

 tail more than i body, its terminal lobe more than i its length ; pectorals 

 rather obtuse, their free margins little incised, their tips reaching first 

 third of dorsal ; inner lobe of ventral s produced; embryo without pla- 

 centa. Coloration light gray, nearly uniform, sometimes with pale spots. 

 Length 2 to 3 feet. Cape Cod to Cuba and in Southern Europe ; abundant 

 on the Atlantic coasts of both continents, especially off New York and in 

 the Mediterranean, {cams, dog.) (Eu.) 



Sqiiidus canix, MlTCHiLL, Trans. Lit. I'liil. Soc. N. Y., 1, 1815, 48(j, New York. 



Muslelns astei-ias, Cloqi'ET, Diet., 407, 1820, Europe. 



Muslelus vulgaris, MiJLLER & Henle, Plagiostonien, 190, \i\. 27, fig. 1, 1838, Europe. 



Sijiialas hiiinnlus, Blainville, Fauiie FraDC, 83, pi. 20, fig. 2, 1828, Mediterranean. 



Mitstellns stdlalus, Risso, Eur. Merid., m, 1826, 120, Nice. 



Mustelnsplebfjus, Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, part viii, 43, plate 132, 1834, Italy. 



Muslelus vuUjaris, Gunther, Cat., vin, 38G, 1870. 



Muslelus canis, Storer, Fish. Mass., 227, 1867; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 870, 1883. 



19. GALEUS, Eafinesque. 



Oaleus, Rafinesque, Caratteri Alcuni Nuovl Geueri, 13, 1810, (innstebts,* etc.; the intended type 



is apparcutly Sq. yaleus, L., though that species is uot mentioned by name). 

 Galms,f Leach, Ohserv. genus tsijualus, 62, 1812, (muslelus). 

 Pleuriicroifii/lon, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 18G4, 148; (Jievis^muslebis). 



* Galeus muslelus (Linnaeus), the Smooth Hound, of Europe, has been listed as American by 

 Dr. Giiuther, who records a stuffed specimen from New York. No American collector has rec- 

 ognized it. 



■f-The name Galeus was first used in binominal nomenclatuie by Rafinesque, for a genus thus 

 defined: 



" VIII. G. Calebs. Due spiragli, due ale dorsaii, un ala anale, ciuque branchie da ogni lato, 

 coda diseguale, ohliqua. 



" Os<ervuxii)He. La maggior parti delli Squali degli autori si annoverano in questo genere, il 

 quale si distingue dal vero genere Squitlnn delUi i)reseuza dl un ala anale." 



Four species are mentioned, i-ulpiinhts,melasl(mms, calulus, and muslelus. The species which the 

 author lia<l in mind was doubtless S/uulns (jaleus, L. 



This well-known species agrees with tlie above diagnosis, and although not explicitly included 

 in the genus (for Rafinesiiue's paper treated only of new species and new genera), yet it would go 

 with the others as one of the "niatrgiur parti delli .S^ioi/e." An iniiiortaiit argument for this 

 view rests iu the fact that Rafines<iue ad jpteu many Linna?an specific names for his genera, aiul 

 in most cases explicitly specified such Linna;an species as the types of Iiis genera. There can be 

 no doubt that S(jiialus galeus, L., was his type of his genus Galetis, and Squalus curcliarias, L., his 

 type of his Carchaiias. 



In 1812, Leach proposed a genus Galeus, to include sharks with the anal fin present and the 

 caudal fin irregular (i. e., not lunate). This genus thus defined, corresiioiids lu'arly to Galeusof 

 Rafinesque. But one species, Ud/ciis .nii.«(c/!(s, is nieiitioued by Leach, the same species having 

 been included in Galeus, Rafinesque. For this reason we have formerly adopted the name 

 Galeus for G. mnstclus. Still later, a subgenus, Gnleorliitius, was pi-oposed by Blainville for sharks 

 distinguished from Carcliarhius, Blainville, by the presence of spiracles. This groii]) again cor- 

 responds to the Galvusof Rafinesque iiiul Leach. In this group arc included with others, Sijualus 

 muslelus and Squalus qaleus of Liniucus, the latter species being obviously intended as the type. 

 Still later (1817), the genera Muslelus and Galeus were defined by Cuvier, and with his definition 



