46 Bulletin ^7, United States National Afuseum. 



S<jtialits ntlpcs, Gmelin,* Syst. Nat., l, 149G, 1788, Mediterranean, (after Ponnant). 



Squalm vitljiiiim, Bonnaterre,* Tableau Kncycl. Itthy.,'J, 17sS, Mediterranean, (after PeDnant). 



Alopecias vttlpes, Gi'NTiiEK, Cat., viii, 393,1870. 



Alopias nilpes, Jordan & Giluert, Synopsis, 27,1883. 



Alopias macronrtts, Rafinesque, 1. c, 1810, 12, Sicily. 



Squalm alopeciat, Gbonow, Cat. Fishes, 7, 1854. 



Family XIV. CARCHARIID^. 



(The Sand Sharks.) 

 Body rather elongate, the snout sharp; mouth crescent-shaped, wide; 

 the teeth large, long, narrow, and subulate, most of them with 1 or 2 

 small cusps at the base, their edges entire ; gill openings rather large, all 

 of them in front of the pectorals; two dorsals, moderate, subequal; the 

 anal similar ; first dorsal well behind pectorals ; caudal well developed, 

 with a short basal lobe and a notch toward its tip; no caudal keel ; pec- 

 torals rather short ; no nictitating membrane ; spiracles minute, pore-like. 

 A single genus, with 3 recognized species. A number of fossil species be- 

 long to this family. Voracious sharks of moderate size, chielly inhabiting 

 the Atlantic. (Lamnid.e, part, Giiuther, Cat,, viii,392; genus Odontmins.) 



31. CARCHARIAS, Ralinesque. 



Carchaiias, RAFINESQUE.f Cai'attpri di Alciini Nuovi G';>neri, 10, IslO ; iu part, tlio ouly siiecies 



mentioned, tamiis, belongs Iicre. (See note under Ciin/('(i7i(««.s.) 

 Odonlaspis, AOASSiz, Poissous Fossiles, in, 87, 1836, (fefoJ-). 

 Triglochis, Mullek & Henle, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1837, 11, 88, (J\rox). 

 Eiujomphodus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1SG4, 2(50, {liUoralis). 



Characters of the genus given above. {Kapxapia^, a rough shark.) 

 a. Teeth largo, awl-shaped, most of them with 1 or 2 small cusps at base. 

 EuaOMPllonus, (eC, true ; yd^^os, nail ; oSoiis, tooth): 



6. First and fourth teeth of upper jaw and first tooth of the lower simple, without basal 



cusps. LITTURALIS, 04. 



Subgenus EUGOMPHODUS, Gill. 



64. CARCHARIAS LITTOKALIS, (Mitchill). 



(Sand Shark.) 



Body elongate, its depth i the length; head rather pointed, about i of 

 the length ; lins small, the first dorsal not much longer than the second, 



*Tlicgeneral worksufDr. J. F. Gmelin and the Abbe Bonnaterre bear the same date, 1788. We 

 do not know which is the earlier, and follow common usage in retaining in this and other cases 

 the name given by Gmelin. Neither writer mentions the other. Gmelin's preface is dated 

 March IG, 1788, ivhile the page devoted by Bonnaterre to the " Privilege du Roi " bears date of 

 May 16, 1788. Bonnaterre states that there have been thirteen editions of Linnivus' Systema 

 Natur.v. Of these the thirteenth is the work of Gmelin. But there is no evidence that IJonna- 

 terre had seen or used this thirteenth edition, or that the latter had appeared when bis own 

 work was published. The two works were nearly simultaneous in appearance, but there is a 

 slight probability in favor of Gmelin. Gmelin's names have been generally need by subsequent 

 authors, while tho.se of Bonnaterre have been almost totally ignored. 



_i Carcliitridf, Rafincs(|ue, w;is established for those sharks, "the most enormous and mOLit vora- 

 cious of their onier, which differ from the genus Oaletif, Rafinesque, by the lack of spir.acles." 

 The group corresponds to the first subgenus under S<j!iahis, in the arrangement of Lacepede. 

 The type of this subgenus is S.pmhifs c(,rrh„ri,i^<, which was identified by Rafinesque with Circlmr- 

 Iniius^ldtiun. ^>(i-(7((>/-m.'!/(i/(iiV( shciuld, tlienfcrre, have been designated as the type of Carc/mWos, 

 but Rafinesque failed to so indicate, and v,c leave the name with the only species he mentions. 



