Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of JVorih America. 51) 



The East coast form has been iiainerl SquaUna dumerUi, the Pacific form 



Squaiina califoniica, but all belong apparently to the same species. (Eu.) 



SqnahissqHatina, LiNN^EUs, X, 1758, 233, Coasts of Europe. 



Squatina Ixfh, OrviER, Regne Aniin., Ed. ], 131, 1S17, .after Liiin;viis. 



Squcdina angeln/s, DuMliuiL, ZiJoI. Anal., 102, ISOG, after Linii;«>iis. 



Hqnalina (hmiLrili, Le Sl'EUR, .lour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1, 225, 1K18, jirDlialily Florida. 



Squatina cnlifornica, Atees, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1859, 20, San Francisco. 



lihina squatina, GuNTHEn, Cat., VIII, 430, 1870. 



Squatina angelus, .ToRn.vv & Gilbert, Synopsis, 35, 1883. 



Squatina angehis, Ci'vier, Regne Animal, Ed. ii, 369, 1829. 



Squatina Tulgaris, Kisso, Ichth. Nice, 45, 1810, Nice. 



Squatina funbrinia, MuLLER & Henle, Plagiostoraen, 101 and 192, 1838, Mediterranean Sea. 



Squatina oatlata, Bonap.\rte, Fauna. Ital., Pesc, xxviii, 1840, Italy. 



Squatina japonica, Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sci., ludo-Neerl, ill, Japan. 



Squatina leicis, Couch, Trans. Linn. Soc, xiv. 90, 1825, Cornwall. 



Order G. BATOIDEI. 



(The Ravs.) 



(xill openiiifjs inferior, slit-like, 5 in number; spiracles present; no 

 anal fin ; dorsal fins, if present, inserted on the tail ; body typically disk- 

 like, broad and flat, the margin of the disk being formed by the expanded 

 pectorals; tail comparatively slender, the caudal fin small or wanting. 

 Vertebrie cyclospondylous. With the exception of the Rajid.e, most or 

 all of the rays are ovovivi parous. (Suborder Batoidei, Giinther, Cat., 

 VIII, 434-498.) (Bdroc, a ray, eUoc, likeness.) 



a. Sarcura (rapf, flesh ; ovpd, tail). Tail comparatively tliick, with 2dorsa1s and a caudal fin; 

 no serrated caudal .spine. 

 h. Snout saw-like, much produced, flat, armed with strong teeth on each side, set at right 

 angles to its axis; body somewhat shark-like, the disk gradually passing into tlie tail. 



PrISTID.H, XXII. 



66. Snout not saw-like. 



c. Electric organs absent; skin not perfectly smooth. 



it. Species ovoviviparous, the young developed within the body of the parent. 

 Disk passing gradually into the long stout tail; pectorals not extending 

 to the snout. Rhinobatid.t^, xxiii. 



d(1. Species oviparous; the eggs deposited in wheelbarrow-shaped leathery egg- 

 cases; disk abruptly contracted at base of the tail; pectorals extending to 

 the snout. Rajid.t:, xxiv. 



cc. Electric organs present; a structure composed of honej*comb-like tubes between 

 pectoral fins and head; skin perfectly smooth. NARConATiD/-E, xxv. 



aa. Masticura ((xacrnf, whip, ovpd, tail). Tail comparatively slender, thedorsal fin single or 

 wanting; the back of the tail usually with a serrated spine. 



e. Pectoral fins unintorruiited, confluent around the snout; teeth small. 



Pasyatid.t;, xxvi. 



ef. Pectoral fins interrupted, one portion forming detached appendages en the snout 



("cephalic fins"). 



/. Teeth very large, flat, tessellated, few in number. Myi.iohatid.t:, xxvii. 



f. Teeth numerous, very small, flat or tubercular; size enormous; cephalic fins 



conspicu(ms, resembling horns. Maxtip.i:, xxviii. 



The rays form a highly specialized group of Selachians, of which the 

 typical forms present an appearance (niito unlike that of the average 

 shark. The intergradatioiis bet"iveen the two groups arc, however, 

 extremely perfect, the families of Squatinid.k and Puistiophokid/E, 



