Jordan and FA>ermann. — Fishes of North America. 1G5 



to snout, 4 to 5 in length of head, much larger than in /. urns. Mouth 

 quite small, notably smaller and more inferior than in /. urns; man- 

 dible about equal to eye. Dorsal fin elevated in front and rapidly 

 declined, the highest ray reaching much beyond the middle of the fin, 

 the seventh ray about i the length of the third or longest. Anal rays 

 rapidly shortened behind, the middle rays much shorter than the first 

 long ones. Coloration paler; the lower fins slightly dusky. Mississippi 

 Valley and southward; generally abundant. (/Jojj/iaAoc, bullalo.) 



AmUndnn. hiibaJm, Kafinesque, Jour. Phys., 1818, 421, Ohio River. 



Cnlnslnmus hiibnlus, KniTLAND, Kep. Zoijl. Ohio, IGS, 1838. 



BuhalichlhiishnluiluXy Agassiz, Am. Jour. Sci. Arts, 1855, 105, Ohio River. 



BubaUchlJiifshnhiilHs, Jordan, I. c, 206, 1878. 



SrUrmjualhus %irus, GiiNTHER, Cat., VII, 22, 1868. 



BiibalwJitliiis alius. Nelson, in Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, 73, Cairo, III.; Jordan 



fc GiLiiERT, Synopsis, 883, 1883. 

 (.') C((rpin(leistaiii-tis, Mobile River, and C. intnlns, Wabash River, Agassi-/, Am. Jour. Sci. Arts' 



1854, 355, 356. 

 BubaUMhys bubalimts, Jordan, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 50, 1877, Ohio River. 



89. CARPIODES, Kafinesque. 

 (Carp Suckers.) 



Carpioih'K, Rafinesquf, Ichth. Oh., 56, 1820, {cijprhiiis). 



Head comparatively short and deep; its length 3^ to 5 times in that of 

 the body ; its upper surface always rounded. P'ye moderate, median or 

 anterior. Suborbital bones well developed. Fontanelle always well de- 

 veloped. Mouth small, horizontal and inferior; the mandible less than 

 i^ length of head; lips thin, the upper protractile, narrow, the lower quite 

 narrow, fi-shaped behind; both lips feebly plicate or nearly smooth. 

 Jaws without cartilaginous sheath. Muciferous system moderately de- 

 veloped. Opercular apparatus well developed ; the suboperclo broad. 

 Isthmus moderate. Pharyngeal bones remarkably thin, laterally com- 

 pressed, with a shallow furrow along the anterior margin on the inside, 

 and another more central one on the outline of the enlarged surfaces; 

 teeth very small, compressed, nearly equally thin along the whole inner 

 edge of the bone, forming a fine, comb-like crest of minute serratures; 

 their cutting edge rises above the inner margin into a prominent point. 

 Gill rakers slender and stiflf above, becoming reduced downward. Body 

 oblong; the dorsal outline more or less arched ; the ventral outline nearly 

 straight; the depth from + to ^ the length; sides compressed, the back 

 notably so. Cauda] peduncle short and deep. Scales large, about equal 

 over the body; lateral line well developed, nearly straight, with 31 to 

 41 scales; 12 to 15 scales in a cross-row from dorsal to ventrals. Dorsal 

 fin beginning near middle of body, somewhat in advance of ventrals, fal- 

 cate; its anterior rays elevated, often filamentous, their height ranging 

 from i to 1^ the length of the base of the fin ; the number of developed 

 rays ranging from 23 to 30; caudal fin well forked, the lobes equal; anal 

 fin comparatively long and low, emarginate (in males), its number of de- 

 veloped rays usually 8; ventrals shortish, with usually 10 rays; pectorals 



