Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 257 



JOH'. Caudal fin witli a (iistinct black spot at base in all ages. 



TEXANUS; NOTATUS; VENUSTUS, 438-440. 



vv. Boreal fin with a largo black blotch on its upper posterior rays in adult 

 (often obsolete in young), always conspicuous in old males; the fins in 

 males with satin-white, and often with red, pigment. 

 y. Base of caudal with a conspicuous black spot. 



z. Fins in males with white or orange pigment, but no red. 



CKRCOSTIGMA; STIGMATURIS, 441; 442. 

 7iz. Fins in males with red pigment. 



TKICHBOISTIl'S; CALLISTIUS; EURYSTOMIS, 443-445. 



yij. Base of caudal without a conspicuous black spot; no red pigment. 



C«KULEUS; NIVEUS; WHIPPLII; ANALOSTANL'S; 



OALACTURUS; CAMURUS, 446-451. 



Mil. Anal fin long, of 10 or 11 rays; fins high; breeding colors brilliant, the males 

 largely red. 

 a'. Dorsal fin with a conspicuous black blotch on its last rays. 



h'. Caudal with a dark spot at base. XiENURUS; hypselopterus,452; 453. 

 6b'. Caudal with a dusky cross-band, but without dark spot at base. 



PYRRHOMELAS, 454. 



aa'. Dorsal fin in males without black blotch. garmani, 455. 



aa. Teeth 2, 4-4, 2. 



c'. Anal fin short, its developed rays 7 to 9, sometimes 10 in N. zonistius. 

 d'. Teeth with the grinding surface developed. 

 LuxiLus (from hi.r, light): 

 e'. Species attaining a large size, with the scales along the sides very closely imbri- 

 cated so that the exposed surfaces are very narrow; lower jaw included; 

 dorsal over ventrals; adult with neither dorsal nor caudal spot. 



CORNUTUS; CERASINDS; ALBEOLUS; LACERTOSUS, 456-459. 



Htdeophlox, (iifiiop, water; (pAiof, flame): 



ee'. Species of moderate or small size, the colors generally brilliant in spring 

 males ; Jorsal inserted more or less behind ventrals ; no black spot at base 

 of dorsal. 

 /'. Lower jaw projecting. m.vcdonaldi; coccogenis, 460; 461. 



ff. Lower jaw included or scarcely projecting. 

 g'. Base of caudal without dark spot. 



ZONATUS; ZONISTIUS; rubricroceus ; CHLOROCEPHAH'S; 

 LUTIPINNI.S, 462-466. 

 gg'. Base of caudal with a more or less evident dark spot, at least in young. 

 (heterodon; hudsonius.) chilitici's ; altipinnis; roseus; 



chalybacus; chrosomus; x.enocephalus, 467-472. 

 dd'. Teeth without evident grinding surface; scales not closely imbricated ; no black 

 spot at base of dorsal in front ; sexes usually colored alike. 

 Oecella (diminutive of Orca) : 

 h'. Top of head elevated, transversely convex, so that the small eye is as near ven- 

 tral as dorsal surface; body little compressed; color pale, no markings. 



ORCA, 473. 

 NoTROPis (part): 



hh'. Top of head not especially elevated, the eye nearer dorsal than ventral out- 

 line of head. 

 i'. Dorsal fin inserted nearly over ventrals; no distinct black caudal spot. 



ARIOMMUS; SCABRICEPS; J£.in.NUS, 474-476. 



ii'. Dorsal fin inserted more or less behind ventrals. 



j'. Base of caudal without spot. swaini, 477. 



jj'. Base of caudal with a faint spot. amabilis, 478. 



ilj'. Base of caudal with a jet-black spot, leuciodi's; scopifer, 479; 480. 

 ciy. Anal fin long, its rays 11 or 12, rarely 9; dorsal inserted behind ventrals. 



V. N. A. 18 



