Jordan and Evcrmann. — Fishes of North America. 333 



Yellowish, with a dark lateral band extciuliug I'lom humeral spot to dark 

 area at base of caudal ; dorsal with a dark spot at base. Length 3^ 

 inches. Rio Frijoli, Atlantic slope of Isthmus of Panama. (Gill.) 

 Piubitciiia jnniaiiieiisiii, Gii.L, Troc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1870, 3.''.fi, Rio Frijoli, Isthmus of 

 Panama. 



140. TETRAGONOPTERUS, Cuvier 



• (Sakdixas Ulancas.) 



Tetragonopterm, CuviEK, Rogne Animal, Ed. i. Vol. ii, 16G, 1817, {argcnleua). 

 Asiynmin; Bairi)& Giuard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 2G, (argetUatus). 

 ra'cilurichiliiis, GiLL, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1868, 417, (brevoorli). 

 HemUjrainmus, Gill, 1. c, 420, {muUncatns). 

 Heniibrycon, Gunther, Cat., v, 330, 1864, (pohjodon). 



Body oblong or elevated, compressed, covered with moderate scales. 

 Lateral line complete, (Tetragonopterus), or interrupted, (Hemij/ra minus). 

 Belly rounded. Cleft of mouth medium. Anterior teeth strong, incisor- 

 like ; lateral teeth small ; premaxillary and mandibular teeth equal in 

 size, with a compressed, notched crown, the former in a double, the latter 

 in a single series ; maxillary with few or many teeth, not produced at tip. 

 Nostrils of each side close together, separated by a valve only. Lower 

 pharyngeals very slender, curved, approaching the form in Cyprinidw, 

 armed with a single series of slender, hooked teeth. Gill openings wide, 

 the membranes free from the isthmus and from each other. Gill-rakers 

 setiform. Dorsal fin midway of body, just behind ventrals ; anal tin long. 

 Fin rays in males in some species rough with small prickles. Species 

 about 40, ill all the warmer parts of America, one of them entering the 

 United States, (rfrpaywroc, four-angled ; Trrepor, fin orwing ; ofnospecial 

 application to this group, the original word used by Klein for his genus 

 including Cluctoilouiids, being TetragottojjtrHs =^''TE-i)ayo)voTTTp<)r, i, e., 

 quadratus aspectu." 



a. Lateral lino complete ; caudal fin with an oblong spot or baud at base. 

 6. Maxillary with few teetli or none along its edge. 



AsTYANA.x :* (Astyanax, AtTTviva^, a, son of Hector.) 

 c. Body ovate, the depth less than half the length ; aual rays less than 40. 

 d. Anal fin long, its rays 25 to 35. 

 e. Deptli 2% to 2% in length. 



JENEUS ; RTJTILUS ; PANAMENSIS ; MlCMiOPIITHALMUS, 553 tO 556. 



ee. Depth 3 to 334 "^ length. 



(ERSTEDII ; I'ETENENSIS ; SCAIiKI I'INNIS ; HUMILIS, 5f>7 to 500. 



dtl. Anal fin moderate, its rays 20 to 23 ; humeral spot obsolete. 



/. Pectoral not reaching veutrals. brevimanus, 561. 



j)'. Pectoral reaching ventrals. jiexuanis; auoextatvs, .502 ; 503. 



Subgenus ASTYANAX, I'.aird & (iirard. 

 5.")3. TKTUAGONOPTEUrS KXEIS, Giintlier. 



Head 4; depth 2|; eye 3^ in head. D. 11; A. 26; V. 8; scales 7-35-6. 

 Snout rather compressed; upper profile slightly concave; maxillary to 

 front of eye; pectoral extending about to ventrals. Deej) bronze color; a 



*The species of this group needs a critical revision ; some of them are of doubtful validity. 



