Jordan and Evertnann. — Fishes of North America. 407 



alonji base of dorsal. Length 18i inches, the hotly 6i inches. Deep 

 water off Newfoundland hanks, 389 to 1,467 fathoms; also taken in 

 Davis Strait. (Named for Spencer Fullerton Baird.) 



GaMronhmusliainlU, (liLi, .t Rvi>i;r, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 271, off the Grand Banks 

 of Newfoundland. (Type, Nos. 33294, 33295, and 33386. Coll. Albatross.) 



Order S. ISOSPONDYLI. 



(The Isospondylous Fishes.) 



Soft-rayed fishes with the anterior vertebrsB simple, unmodified and 

 without auditory ossicles ; symplectic present ; no iiiterclavicles ; oper- 

 cular bones distinct ; pharyngeal bones simiile above and below, the lower 

 not falciform. Mesocoracoid*" arch always well developed, as in the 

 Osfurio2)h!isi and the Ganoids, forming a bridge from the hypercoracoid 

 to the hypocoracoid. Bones of jaws developed, the maxillary broad, 

 always distinct from premaxillary, and forming part of margin of upper 

 jaw; no barbels. Shoulder girdle well developed and connected with the 

 cranium by a bony post-temporal. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth. Air 

 bladder, if present, with a pneumatic duct. Dorsal and anal tins with- 

 out true spines. Ventral fins abdominal, sometimes wanting. Scales 

 usually cycloid, sometimes ctenoid ; occasionally wanting. No developed 

 photophores. Adipose fin present or absent. A large group comprising 

 most of the marine soft-rayed fishes, excepting those found in the deep 

 sea, these composing the degenerate group called Iniomi. Some of the 

 forms, as Elopidfp, AJhulida', etc., show analogies with the Ganoid allies of 

 the Cydoiianoidea. This seems to indicate the probable descent of the 

 Isos})ond)jli from a Ganoid stock, but probably not fromihe same part of 

 the Ganoid series as that from which the Ostariophysi have sprung, (laoc, 

 equal; CTTroi^^vAof, vertebrae.) 



CLvrnoiiiEA : 

 (I. Ailipnse fin none. 



h. Dorsal fin inserted more or less before anal (rarely slightly behind it); shore fishes or 



river fishes, usually silvery in coloration ami with the skeleton firm ; air bladder 



well developed. 



c. Gnlar plate present, between branches of lower jaw ; mouth large ; teeth present, 



all pointed ; axillary scales and sheaths large. Elopid*, lvi. 



cc. Gular plate none. 



(f. Lateral line well developed. 



e. Teeth present, no accessory branchial organ. 



/. Ifouth small, horizontal ; posterior jiart of tongue and roof of month 



covered with course paved teeth. .\Lnri.in.«, LVii. 



//. Mouth lai'ge, the teeth all [lointed, some of them canine, none paved 



or molar. IIiuiiontih.t;, lviii. 



fr. Teeth none; an accessory bi'anchial organ behind gill cavity. 



CHANiD.K, lix. 

 dd. Lateral line wanting; no gular plate. 



g. Mouth smallj inferior, toothless, the maxillary simple or nearly so; 

 stomach gizzard-like. DoRosoMin.E, lx. 



♦Precoracoid of Cope; "SpangenstUck " of Gegenbaur. 



