424 Bulletin 4J, United States National Museum. 



nated, ifs scutes not prominent ; mouth small, the maxillary not quite 

 reaching pupil, 2| in head ; gill rakers very long, slender, and numerous, 

 30 to 40 heloTv angle, the longest \ eye. Lower jaw with a few feeble 

 teeth ; ^ome minute teeth on tongue. Cheeks much longer than deep, 

 their -^^pth below eye f eye. Adipose eyelid well developed. Opercle 

 with very faint striip, preopercle with very few. Caudal well forked, 

 the lower lobe as long as head and a little longer than the upper ; ven- 

 trals inserted nearly below middle of dorsal, a little nearer base of caudal 

 than tip of snout ; pectoral If in head, a conspicuous sheath of scales at 

 base. Color bluish, with no distinct markings, sides golden and silvery ; 

 peritoneum dusky ; opercle dusky within. Intestine 1^ length of body. 

 Length 8 inches. Gulf of Mexico ; abundant about Cuba, and not rare 

 in rather deep water off Pensacola and Tampa ; also occasionally north- 

 ward as far as Cape Cod; sometimes taken in abundance at Woods Holl, 

 Mass. (William C. Kendall.) Closely allied to the European Sardine or 

 pilchard (Cliipanodon pilchardus, L.), but distinguished by the absence of 

 radiating striaj on the opercles, these conspicuous in the true Sardine. 

 {tpev6>/g, false; lmtavi.Kuc, Spanish; the false Spanish Sardine.) 



Sardinia pseudokispanica, PoEY, Memorias, ii, 311, 1860, Cuba; GI'nther, Cat., vii, •142, 1868; 



Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 887, 1883. 

 Clupea pseudohispanica, Kendall & Smith, Bull. U. S. Fisli Comm., xiv, 1894, 17. 



2o8. POMOLOBUS, Eafinesque. 



(Alewives.) 



Pomolohtis, Kafinesque, Ichth. Oh., 3S, 1820, {chi-ysocliloris). 



SprateUa, CuviER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XX, 356, 1847, { pnmila = y onng of Clupea 



spratlun) . 

 Melella, CuviER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. PoisB., XX, 366, 1847 (vulgaris = spratbig). 

 Alausella, GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 35, (parvula — psetidoharengus). 



Body oblong, more or less compressed. Mouth moderate, terminal, the 

 jaws about equal, or the lower projecting, the upper scarcely notched 

 at tip. Teeth feeble, variously placed, probably never wholly absent; 

 mandibles very deep at base, shutting within the maxillaries. Gill 

 rakers more or less long and slender, numerous. Adipose eyelid present. 

 Scales thin, cycloid, deciduous, entire, rounded posteriorly. Cheeks 

 with the free portion longer than deep. Dorsal fin rather short, nearly 

 median, beginning in advance of ventrals, its posterior ray not pro- 

 longed in a filament; ventral present ; anal moderate. Belly compressed, 

 strongly serrated before and behind ventrals. Flesh rather dry and poor, 

 less oily than in Chipanodon. Yertebrtc 46 to 55 in number, usually 50. 

 Species numerous, mostly anadromous, the typical species confined to 

 the northern seas, and mostly anadromous. All the northern sjiecies 

 agree in having a larger number of vertebne than is found in the tropi- 

 cal species which constitute the genus Sardinella. If this rule holds 

 with the species in other regions, probably those tropical forms usually 

 referred to Clupea, constituting the subgenus Kotvala, etc., should be 

 regarded as distinct alike from Clupea and Pomolobus. Fomolohus is very 



