428 Bulletin 4y, United States National Museum. 



Clupea sapidifsima, Wilson, in Rees's New Cyclopedia, ixg., no pagination nor date, Imt prior 

 to 1812,* no locality, but probably Philadelphia; Rapinesque, Amer. Month. Mag., 

 Vol. 11, 1817, 205, tributaries of Atlantic Ocean ; Jordan & Gildeut, Synopsis, 2fi7, 1883. 



Clupea iiuhgenii, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y., i, 1815, 454, (very young), New York. 



AhiKu prirslabiJix, De Kay, Now York Fauna: Fishes, 255, pi. 15, fig. 41, 1842, New York. 



Alosa sapidissima, of many American writers. 



210. SARDINELLA, Cnvier Ai Valenciennes. 



(Scaled Sardines.) 



Sardinella, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xx, 261, 1847, (auriia). 

 Haremjnla, CuviEU & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xx, 280, 1847, {latula). 

 Chipconia, CuviER & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xx, 345, 1847, (jnssieui). 

 Koivala, CuviER & Valenciennes, Hist, Nat. Poiss., xx, 362, 1847, {Oioracata^lcorvaJ). 

 Lile, Jordan &, Evermann, new subgenus, (sloUfera). 



Small herrings of the tropical seas, with the vertebra; in reduced num- 

 ber, about 40 to 44, and with the scales large, usually firm and adherent, 

 often crossed by vertical stria;. Venti-al scutes strong, 25 to 35 in num- 

 ber. Adipose eyelid obsolete. Lower jaw projecting ; upper jaw some- 

 what emarginate ; teeth weak. Ventrals inserted behind front of dorsal. 

 Body compressed; cheeks not deep; gill rakers long and numerous; 

 otherwise essentially as in Pomolohus. The genus Sardinella, as here 

 understood, covers a wide diversity of forms and may be divisible into 

 several genera when the anatomy of the species is better known. {Sar- 

 dinella, diminutive of Sardina, a sardine.) 



a. Side of body without distinct silvery lateral band; mouth moderate, the teeth very small, 

 but permanent over most of the bones of the mouth; scales large and usually firm. 

 Sardinella: 



h. Ventral scutes 33 to 35. 



c. Body slender, the depth about 43^2 '" length; a black opercular spot. 



ANCHOVIA, 694. 



cc. Body rather deep, the depth about 3^^ in length; no black opercular spot. 



clupeola, 695. 

 bb. Species imperfectly described, probably allied to Sardinella. 



d. Snout and chin black. apic.\lis, 696. 

 dd. Snout and chin not black; a black humeral spot; sides with dark streaks. 



Bisiiopi, 097. 

 Harengula (diminutive of Harengus, herring): 



bbb. Ventral scutes 25 to 28; body short and deep, compressed, the scales usually with 

 vertical Btria>. 



e. Scales not very firm and little adherent, so that manyare lost in preservedexamples; 



each scale with four vertical wavy strite; ventral scutes about 15 -\- 10; depth 

 3§ in length; eye 2}^ in head; no humeral spot. sardina, (198. 



ee. Scales firm and closely adherent so that few, if any, are lost in preserved examples; 

 usually a humeral spot. 

 f. Body moderately elongate, the ventral outline not strongly arched, the depth 

 3V, to 3= in length. 

 g. Ileiid long, 33 in length; eye 2% in head. macrophthalmus, 699. 



gg. Head deep, 4 in length; eye 3 in head. thrkssina, 700. 



ff. Body deep, the ventral outline arched, forming an even curve from snout to 

 vent, the depth 2% to 3; he.ad 3J in length; eye 2% in bead. 



hi'Meralis, 701. 



*Dr. Gill writes "The copy I have before me is in the original binding and has 'Thomas 

 Munroo's Book 1812' on fly leaf." 



