Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 481 



changes of form. Length 15 inches. Weight 3 to 8 pounds. A small 

 salmon, ascending streams in the fall to no great distance. Abundant 

 from San Francisco northward, especially in Paget Sound and the 

 Alaskan fjords; south on the Asiatic coasts to Japan. (Eisutch, the ver- 

 nacular name in Alaska and Kamchatka; called by the Russians Bielaya 

 Byha, or whitefish.) 



f Sahno milkischilch, Walbaum, Artedi Piscium, 70, 1792, Bering Sea; after MilktKchutsch or lUill:. 



tscliilsch of Pennant and Krasciieninnikow; probably the young of kimttch. 

 Salnw kisiUch* Walraum, Artedi Piscium, 70, 1792, Rivers and Lakes of Kamchatka: after 



the Kistttch of Pennant. 

 f Sahno slritUus, Block & Schneidek, Syst. Ichth., 407, 1801, Kamchatka; after il/iVi-tecAifccA of 



Krascheninnikow. 

 Salmo hisulch, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 407, 1801, Kamchatka; after Pennant. 

 Siibiio sanguinolentus, Pallas, Zoogr. Roes.-Asiat., m, 379, 1811, Bering Sea. 

 Salmo Isuppitch, Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., m, 224, 1836, Columbia River ; Gunther 



Cat., VI, 118, 1866. 

 f Sabnn macrostoma, Gunther, Amer. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1877, 444, Yokohama, Japan. 

 OncorliJjnchus lycaodon, Gunther, Cat., vi, 155, 1866; in part. 

 Salmo scouleri, Suckley, Monogr. Salmo, 94, 1861 (1874). 

 Oncorhimchns sanguinolenlns, Gunther, Cat., vi, 160, 1866. 

 Oncorhynchus tsiippilch, Jordan, Forest and Stream, September 16, 1880, 130 

 Oncorhynchiis kimttch, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 307, 1883. 



Subgenus HYPSIFARIO, Gill. 



777, OXCORHYXCHIS XERKA (Walbaum). 



(Blue-back Salmon ; Kedfish ; Fkasek River Salmon ; Saw-Qui Saljion ; Krasnava Rvba. 



Head 4; depth 4. B. 13 to 15; D. 11; A. 14 to 16; scales 20-133-20; 

 pyloric cwca 75 to 95 ; vertebra* 64. Gill rakers about 32 to 40, usually 

 14 or 15 + 22 or 23, as long as eye. Body elliptical, rather slender. 

 Head short, sharply conic, pointed, the lower jaw included. Maxillary 

 rather thin and small, extending beyond eye. Teeth all quite small, 

 most of them freely movable ; vomer with about 6 weak teeth, which 

 grow larger in fall males, instead of disappearing. Preopercle very wide 

 and convex; opercle very short, not strongly convex. Preopercle more 

 free behind than in 0. tschaivytscha. Ventral scale about half the length 

 of the fin. Caudal fin narrow, widely forked; anal fin long and low; 

 dorsal low. Flesh deep red. Males becoming extravagantly hook-jawed 

 in the fall, the snout being then prolonged and much raised above the 

 level of rest of head, the lower jaw produced to meet it; mandible li 

 in head in fall males, If in females ; snout 2^- in head in fall males, 3* in 

 females. Color clear bright blue above; sides silvery, this hue overlying 

 the blue of the back; lower fins pale, upper dusky; no spots anywhere 

 in adults in spring; the young with obscure black spots above. 



Color of breeding male: back blood red, with dark edges to some of the 

 scales; middle of side darker red, but unevenly so, usually darkest at 

 middle of body ; under parts dirty white, with numerous fine dark dust- 

 ings; head above and on sides pale olivaceous, some darker mottling on 



♦Misprinted himitch by Walbaum, the error corrected in the errata. The name »hi7A*c/ii<«c^ 

 lia.s a few lines of priority over kUulch, but we are not absolutely sure that it belongs to the 

 same species. 



F. N. A. 32 



