Jordan and Everinann. — Fishes of North America. 915 



Teeth uuiserial, very small, none on palate. Lateral line with a seniicir- 

 cular arch, the leugtli of which is If to 1.^ in straight part ; its angle 

 helow front of second dorsal and with about 50 small low shields, but few 

 of which have depressed spines. Pectoral reaching anal spiues. Brownish 

 gray, body with 6 dark-brown vertical bauds, the hrst behind base of 

 pectoral, the fourth from middle of soft dorsal ; a large black spot on 

 opercle ; dorsal, anal, and ventral black ; pectoral and caudal pale. Two 

 specimens, each 3 inches long, from Panama. (Giinther.) {ItvKor, white ; 

 ovpa, tail.) 



Caran,c ?e«CHr»s, GiJNTiiEU, Proc. Zocil. Soc. London, lS(il, 'J4, Panama; (I'oll. ('ii|il. .lulm IM. 

 Dow); GOntiieu, Fisli. Ccntr Anier., 43(1, ISfili; Jiiudan & Uiliiekt, Pro<-. U. .S. Nat. Mus., 

 18«:i, 1'J4. 



419. CARANX,' Lacepede. 



(Ckevallks.) 



Cara>ix (Commeuson) Lacepede, Hist. Nat. I'uiss., iii, .57, 1.S02, {intcliiirits, speciosiis, caranrjKs, 



riihet; etc.). 

 Cariiiu; Kafinesque, Caratteri Alcuui Nuovi Generi, 41, 1810, (tiist reetrictiou to J'enhiu, ruber; 



etc.). 

 Triaoplerus, Rafinesque, Caratteri, 41, 1810,t (carangus — hippos). 

 CaraiKjus, Griffith, Cuvier's Nat. Hist. Fishes, 335, 1837, (based on Les Carangites of CuviEli; 



type Curmt.K carangus). 

 f Argiirh'pes, SwAiNSON, Class'n Fishes, 11, 247, 1839, (melanoplei-a). 

 Alepi's, SwAiNSON, Class'n Fishes, 248, 1839, (Wtiri parah, IiiJSSEi.h = nlgripiHuls, Day; spc'cics 



with tho teeth uniserial on jaws and tongue only; body fusiform; shields numerous; dorsal 



low). 



*The proper typo of the genus Caranx seems to be Scomber ruber, Bloch. The name Carmix 

 was iipparently recorded in manuscript by Commerson, who applied it to ('iirun.c speciomn. In 

 printed nomenclature Ciiran.x; was first used by Lacepede, wlioadopted tho name from Commerson 

 applying it to a large group containing among other sjiecies Iriichiirus, <yir<iiiiju>i, xpfcinsns, ferdati, 

 and rnhi-r. This genus was next further limited by Ratinesiiue in the following words: 



" lo ho creJuto dovere dividero in ijuattro generi, il genera Caranx dei moderni ittiidogi die ho 

 nominati 'Ihichunis, Caraitx, Ti'icropteriis, e Ifiipodis; e questi tre ultimi nun offeriscono veruno 

 specie Siciliauo; HipoibiK (//(/porfw) diflerisce dal Trachurm nell' avere due ale anali, e il Curaiix 

 nell' avete un raggio o spine sciolto fra le due ale dorsali ed il Tricropterus nell' averne tre 

 forniti ognuno d'una membrana alare." 



These characters are all partly fallacious and of no sy-'teraatic importance. All of them are 

 taken from liacepede's analytical key. We must turn to Lacepede'a work to find their signifi- 

 cance. 2>0(7«<n(S evidently corresponds to Lacepede's "premier sous-genre," Scomber trtwlinnia 

 being its type. Caiaiij; corresponds to the "second sous-genre," including the species J'enlau, 

 ruber, g;i:::,simsi(n, auil korab. Hypodia (vnui, below; 5i?, two; two free anal spines or finlets) is 

 based on Scomber glaucns, L. = Lichia glaiicit, Cuvier, a European species. 'lYicoplerus is based 

 on CaroKj; car«»yi(a, and is therefore synonymous with the later Curaiigiis of Griffith and Caranytts 

 of Girard. 



('(nrinxis next further restricted by Cuvier & Valenciennes. Among their " Cara)i.r propre- 

 mentdits" are two species, /"fiv/im and rubrr, placed in Caranx bj' both Uatinesque and I/.icepede. 

 One of these two species should apparently W retained as the type, unless we are to return to the 

 manuscripts of Commerson for our understanding of the group. In Swainson's work, in 1839, 

 ruheris still retained in connection with the name Caranx. As trachiinis, yjicriosux, and caningm, 

 species heretofore taken by authors as typos of Caranx, arc none of them available for this jiur- 

 pose because all of them were referred to other genera by Kafine,-<(iue. we must apiiareutly 

 choose between ruber nuii ferdau. We therefore select Caranx ruber as type of the ginus. 



Gill in 1802 adopted specirjaus as the type of Caranx because this was tho only species mentioned 

 by Commerson, from whose manuscripts Lacepede adopted tho name Caranx. Tt is not, however, 

 evident that Lacepede regarded this siiecios as his type. If, however, wo shouhlatlopt this view, 

 the name Caranx would supersoilo llnaOianodon and the genus hero called Caranx would become 

 Tricroplerun. The name Caranx in really derived from Carangue, and several writers have taken 

 Caranx carangu'i an its type. This arrangement seems to us not tenable. Its adoption would 

 shift tho names of the subgenera, Caranx taking tho jilace of Tricopterus. 



t Hiipodi^, Uafinesque, /. c. (based on Scomber glancuK, L.), is equivalent to Lichia, us is also Bafi- 

 nesque's genus llypacantus, I. c, 43. Lichia is of later date. 



