930 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum. 



later development cairyini^ the fish farther in the direction of the extreme 

 forms Alectin, Ilijnim, and Sdene. Warm seas. (Citiila, an Italian name 

 of Zeus faher.) 



1324. CITULA DORSALIS* (Gill). 

 (Pampano.) 



Head 3i; depth 2-ii„. D. VI-I, 19; A. II, 1, 17; eye 4| in head; snout 2h 

 Pectorals ;' longer than head ; veutrals short, 3 in head ; dorsal lobes If in 

 body reaching middle of caudal. About 25 developed scutes. Caudal lobe 

 equal to head. Dorsal with 1 long filament, anal with 1. Caudal moderate, 

 the lobes equal. Dorsal sheath of scales very low. Pectoral very long, 

 falcate, reaching tenth anal ray. Veutrals small, reaching just past vent. 

 Body deep, compressed, rather ovate than angular, profile straight from 

 the vertically truncate snout to nape, then rounded, then straight to front 

 of dorsal. A nearly straight line from chin to front of anal. Eye rather 

 small; adipose eyelid small; preorbital deep; mouth rather large, the 

 lower jaw included ; teeth small, in broad bands on jaws, vomer, and pal- 

 atines; maxillary reaching pupil, 2i in head. Cheek entirely scaly, some 

 scales on opercle above ; breast naked, body well scaled ; a partly naked 

 area above lateral line; body with small scales, the nuchal region naked, 

 scarcely carinate. Gill rakers rather long, 2 + 15. Lateral line evenly 

 curved, the curve high, equal to straight part. Scutes small, 18 with 

 keels, the total number of scales on straight part 58. Steel blue above, 

 silvery below, with golden reflections and shades; fins all pale, tinged 

 with yellowish, some of the posterior membranes of dorsal dusky ; no 

 black on pectorals ; axis jet black ; ventrals tipped with dusky. Opercle 

 with a dusky streak along its edge; blackish' within ; a dark spot on 

 orbit above. Young more elongate, the produced rays shorter. Length 

 about 1 to 2 feet. Pacific Coast of Mexico, not rare on sandy shores in 

 the surf, Mazatlan to Panama, (dorsalis, pertaining to the back.) 



Carangoides dorsalis, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 1G6, Panama: not Vomer dorxalis, Gii.i,. 

 Caranx dorsalis, Gunther, Fish. Centr. Amer., 432, 1869. 

 Citula dorscdis, Jordan & Gilbeut, Proc. U. S. Nat. BIus., 1882, 375. 



Caranx otrynter, JoiiDAN & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, 202; a new name as a substitute 

 for dorsalis, preoccupied in Caranx, if Vomer dorsalis is regarded as a species of Caranx. 



* A large specimen from Mazatlau apparently represents the adult condition of this siieiics. 

 Its characters are: Head 3}4; depth 2]4- Second D. I, 18; A. I, 17; about 25 scutes devekiin-d. 

 Body ratlier elongate, moderately compresseil, with augulai outlines. Profile of head rounded; 

 that of belly somewhat concave, forming an angle at front of anal similar to that at front of dor- 

 sal. Eye 5 in lie.ad; maxillary 2^; mouth moderate; lower, jaw included. Teetli in broad, vilh- 

 form bands on both jaws and on vomer and palatines. Nostrils large, equal, close together. Gill 

 ralcers 3 -\- 14, I'ather stout, shorter than eye. Dorsal spines all obsolete in specimens examined. 

 First dorsal ray soft, filamentous, 1% in body; longest anal ray 2% in liody. Caudal keel consid- 

 erably elevated, with a small keel above and below it; scutes not sharji; caudal lobes subequal, 

 about as long as head; pectorals falcate, J longer than head; ventrals short, 3'-.j in head. Curve 

 of lateral line low, llj. times in straight part, its lieiglit I4 the length of its chord. Maxillary 

 broad, with very broad supplemental bone, its greatest width 'j/^ eye. Color silvery, strongly 

 tinged with golden, olive on upjier parts, with pearly reflections lielow; a large l)lack spot in 

 axil, nearly as large as eye. Fins all pale. A single large specimen, 2 feet in length, taken in 

 the Astillero at Mazatlan. 



