Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1021 



other. Large, carnivorous fishes of the fresh waters of North America. 

 {ariC,ia), to prick ; arijOioi', a little l)rea8t ; " the name means pungent throat," 

 according to Eafinesqne ; the substitution of stecUon for stcthion apparently 

 suggested by the name Peristedion.) 



Stizostedion : 



a. Pyloric coica 3, subequal, each as long as the stomach; soft dorsal long, its base J Bhorter 

 than spinous dorsal, uf about 20 soft rays. 



b. Cheeks and upper surface of head sparsely scaled; body somewhat compressed; a black 



lilotch on last dorsal spines; no black blotch on base of pectoral; second dorsal 



simply mottled. vitreum, 1413. 



Cynoperca (kvmv, dog; wepxr/ perch): 



ott. Pyloric cieca unequal, 4 of them of moderate length, much shorttT than stomach, the 



others 1 to 3 in number, smaller and variable, some or all of them sometimes wanting ; 



soft dorsal shorter, its base 34 shorter than spinous dorsal, of about 17 soft rays. 



c. Cheeks and upper surface of head more or less closely scaled; body terete; no black 



blotch on last dorsal spines; a black blotch at base of pectoral; second dorsal with 

 rows of dark spots. canadense, 1414. 



Subgenus STIZOSTEDION. 

 1413. STIZOSTEDION VITREUM (Mitchill). 



(Wall-eyed Pike ; Pike Perch ; Dory ; Glasseye ; Yellow Pike ; Blue Pike ; Jack Salmon ; 



White-eye.) 



Head 3| ; depth about 44 ; eye shorter than snout, 4^ to 5 in head. D. 

 XII to XVI, 19 to 21; A. II, 12 to 14; scales 10-110 to 132-25, 83 to 95 

 pores. Body slender, becoming compressed with age, the back more 

 arched than in Stizostedion canadense. Cheeks and upper surface of head 

 nearly naked. Dorsal spines high, more than half length of head; dorsal 

 fins well separated, the interspace between them greater than diameter 

 of eye, the last dorsal spine scarcely erectile; soft dorsal nearly as long 

 as spinous dorsal ; anal longer than high. Pyloric coeca 3, rather long. 

 Dark olive, finely mottled with brassy, the latter color forming indis- 

 tinct oblique lines ; sides of head more or less vermiculated ; lower jaw 

 flesh colored ; belly and lower fins pinkish ; spinous dorsal with a large 

 jet-black blotch on the membrane of the last 2 or 3 spines, otherwise 

 nearly plain; second dorsal and caudal mottled olive and yellowish; 

 base of pectoral dusky, without distinct black blotch. Great Lake 

 region, Upper Mississippi, north to Assiniboia, east to Vermont and Penn- 

 sylvania, south to Georgia and Alabama, especially common northward: 

 an abundant and valued food-fish, reaching a length of 3 feet and a 

 weight of 10 to 20 pounds, (vitrciis, glassy, from the large eye.) 

 Perca ritrea, Mitchill, Supp. Amer. Month. Magazine, ii, 247, 1818, Cayuga Lake, New 



York. 

 Perca salinonea,* Kafinesque, Amer. Month. Magazine, v, 354, 1818, Ohio River. 

 Perca {Poiuaeampsis) niijropunclata, Rafinesqite, Ichth. Ohiensis, 23, 1820, mytliical; on a draw- 

 ing by Audubon, not intended to represent any fish. 



* The name salmoneum has been apjilied to the so-called "Blue Pike" originally described 

 from the Ohio Kiver, but more common in the Great Lakes, particularly (Hitario and Erie. It 

 is smaller and deeper in body than the ordinary vitremn and different in color, but it is not 

 likely that any permanent distinctions exist, this species, as usual among fresh-water fishes, 

 varying largely with the environment and with age. 



