Jordan and Evemmnn. — Fishes of North America. 1127 



aud adherent to the wall of the abdomen. Stomach Ciccal, with few or many 

 pyloric appendages ; intestines short, as is usual in carnivorous fishes. 

 Genera 60 to 70. Species about 40O.t Carnivorous fishes, chiefly marine, 

 and found in all warm seas; several genera found in fresh waters. As 

 here understood, the Sen-auidw comprise the most of the family of I'er- 

 cidw as understood by Giintlier and others, exclusive of those with imper- 

 fect pseudobranchiae, those with one or two anal spines, those with the 

 number of vertebriB increased, those in which the whole length of the 

 maxillary slips under the preorbital, and those with the anal fin many 

 rayed, and the cranium shortened behind. As here understood, the 

 Serranida; are essentially equivalent to the Serraninw and Grammistinai 

 of Boulenger's Catalogue. Even after these eliminations, the family is 

 considerably varied. (Percidw, part, Gunther, Cat., i, 61-220.) 



I. Anal Gpines .3, well developed. 



a. Dorsal fins 2; vertebrre 25 to 36, 11 to 15 in precaudal portion. 



MORONIN^: 



f>. Maxillary without supplemental bone; teeth all pointed; pectoral unsymmetrical, its 

 upper rays longest; dorsal (in our genera) X-14; skull without cavernous struc- 

 ture; preopercle strongly serrate; caudal fin forked; tongue with teeth; ventral 

 fins inserted behind axil of pectorals; teeth all alike, usually villiform, without 

 canines; preorbital narrow; lateral line normal, straight, or bent upward at base; 

 preopercle serrate; gill rakers moderately long and slender; species generally of 

 large size, and silvery -olive coloration, mostly inhabiting fresh or brackish waters. 

 Preopercle without antrorse spines on its lower limb. 

 c. Dorsal fins separate; spines of fins weak; anal rays III, 12, the spines graduated; 

 lower jaw projecting; base of tongue with teeth. Roccrs, 491. 



cc. Dorsal fins joined; spines of fins strong; anal rays III, 9, the spines not gradu- 

 ated; jawssubequal; base of tongue toothless. Morone, 492. 

 0(1. Dorsal fin single, sometimes deeply divided. 



d. Maxillary with a distinct supplemental bone (rarely obscured by the skin); dorsal 

 usually divided or deeply notched. 

 e. Inner teeth of jaws not depressible or hinged. 



LiopROPOMiNa:: 



/. Soft dorsal longer than spinous part; doi-sal deeply divided, the spines 6 to 9 iu 



number; preopercle entire; vertebrae 10-1-14 = 24; lateral line arched 



anteriorly. 



g. Dorsal spines 9; caudal lunate. Liopropoma, 493. 



ijg. Dorsal spines 6; caudal truncate. Chorististium, 494. 



Bodianus tieniops 10 -{-14 = 24 Serranus cabrilla 10 -•-14 = 24 



Epinephelusareolatus 10-1-14 = 24 i| Serranus scriba 10-f 14 = 24 



Epinephohisstriatua 10 -j- 14 = 24 [\ Gilbertiasemicincta 10-1-17 = 27 



Epinephelus fasciatus 10-1-14=24 ij Ciesioperca lepidoptera 10-1-16 = 2(5 



Epinephelus tauvina 10-|- 14 = 24 \, Caprodon longimanus 10-|-ie = 26 



Promicrupsguttatus 10 4-14 = 24 jj Holanthias borbonius 10-t-lfi = 26 



Aljihestes afer 10-f- 14=24 I Anthiassacer 104-16 = 26 



Mycteroperca bonaci 10 4-14 = 24 Plectranthias authioides 10 4-16 = 26 



Anyperodon leucogranimi- ' Callanthiaspeloritanus 114-13 = 24 



cus 104-14 = 24 j Paraplesiopsnieleasris 10-f 16 = 26 



Paranthias furcifcr lO-f- 14 = 24 Plesiops nigricans 104-15 = 25 



Parolabrax humeralis 10 4-14 = 24 |i Rypticus saponaceus 10 1-14 = 24 



f A review of the genera and species of Senaiiidtc found in the waters of America and Europe, 

 by David Starr .Jordan and Carl 11. Eigenmann, was published in Bulletin viii of the U. S. Fish 

 Commission, 1H88 (1890), 329-433, plates 60 to 09. In that paper may be found full synonymy 

 of all the genera and species. A most excellent account is given in Boulenger"8 Catalogue of 

 Teleostean Fishes, Vol. !, just published as these pages are going through the press. 



