Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North America. 1135 



as snout, 4 in bead ; base of tongue without teeth ; head scaled to 

 between the nostrils ; gill rakers 4 + 14 to 17, rather long, as long as gill 

 fringes. Dorsal and anal spines moderate, the longest dorsal spine 2 in 

 head; the second anal spine 2i to 3, as long as third spine; dorsal fins 

 considerably connected. Pectorals 1^^ to \\ in head. Color olivaceous, 

 varying to dark green; sides silvery or olivaceous, usually with faint, 

 paler streaks. Length 8 to 14 inches. Atlantic Coast of the United 

 States, from Nova Scotia to South Carolina, ascending streams and fre- 

 quently landlocked in ponds, the pond specimens much darker in color; 

 one of the most abundant and characteristic fishes of the brackish 

 waters and river mouths of our Atlantic Coast. A very excellent pan- 

 fish. Specimens from Woods Hole represent the variety called nigricans, 

 very dark green in color, scarcely paler below, the body deeper and the 

 spines lower and shorter than in the common White Perch (head 3J^ in 

 length; depth 21; fourth dorsal spine 2f in head; second anal spine 3^ ; 

 A, III, 9) ; this form occurs landlocked in fresh-water ponds, {ameri- 

 canus, American.) 



The River Perch of New York, Schopf, Schrift. der Gesells., Nat. Freunde, viii, 159, 1788, New 



York. 

 Perca americana, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, III, 1308, 1788, New York; after Schopf. 

 Perca inimaculata, Walbaum, Artedi Genera Piscium, li3U, 1788, New York; after Schopk. 

 Morone nifa, Mitchill, Kep. Fishes N. Y., 18, 1814, New York. 

 Morone ixiUida, Mitchill, Rep. Fishes N. T., 18, 1814, New York. 



Ceiilropomns albiis, Rafinesquk, Pricis des Decouvertes Somiolog., 1814, 19, Philadelphia. 

 Perca mncronata, Rafinesque, Am. Month. Mag. and Grit. Rev., ii, 204, 1818, Delaware, 



Schuylkill, and Susquehanna rivers. 

 Lahrax nigricans, De Kay, Nat. Hist. N. T.: Fishes, 12, pi. 50, fig. IdO, 1842, Long Island; 



landlocked form. 

 Bodiamts riifus, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., i, 420, 1815. 

 Labrax mucronatus, Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii, 86, pi. 121, 1828. 

 Labrax paUidns, De Kay, Nat. Hist. N. Y.: Fishes, ii, pi. l, fig. 2, 1842. 



Labrax niftis, De Kay, Nat. Hist. N. Y.: Fishes, 9, pi. 3, flg. 7, 1842; GCnther, Cat., i, 65, 1859. 

 Lahrax americamis, Holbrook, Ichth. S. C., Ed. 1, 21, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1856. 

 Morone americana, GiLL, Ichth. Rep. Capt. Simpson Sur. Great Basin, Utah, 397, 1876; Jordan 



& Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 380; Jordan & Eigenmann, I. c, 421, 1890; 



BOULENGEK, Cat., I, 126. 



493. LIOPROPOMA,* Gill. 



Lioproponia, Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 236, (aherrans). 



fPikea, Steindachner, Sitzgber. Ak. Wien, lxxi, 1874, 375, {hmulata). 



fLabracopsis, Steindachner & Doderlein, Denkschr. Ak. Wien, xlvii, 225, 1883, (japonicus). 



Body elongate, the caudal peduncle robust; mouth moderate, the lower 

 jaw projecting; maxillaries scaly; teeth small, uniform; preopercle 

 entire; opercle with a spine; numerous pores on head. Scales large. 

 Lateral line with a strong upward curve, as in Anthias. Dorsal spines 

 moderate, 9 in number, the third highest, the fin deeply notched. Soft 

 dorsal and anal short ; caudal short, lunate ; pectorals long, falcate. 

 Vertebrse 10 + 14. One species known, from deep water. (Xelof, smooth ; 

 •Kponufia, preopercle.) 



* Dr. BoulengA- unites to Liopropoma the extralimital genera— Pikea, Steindachner and Labar- 

 copsis, Steindachner & Doderlein. In these genera there are but 8 dorsal spines, and in Lahar- 

 copsis the preopercle is serrate. Pikea is certainly very close to Liopropoma. 



