Jordan and liverniann. — Fishes of North America. 1143 



499. BODIANUS, Bloch. 

 (Jacob Eveutzens.*) 



Bodiaims.t Blocii, Ichthyologia, 1790, {(lutlatHn^ hodianus^ etc., sixtcies witli entire preopercle ami 

 spine on operclo). 



CephalophoJis, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 311, 1801, {aryu.i = liodimms ijiUlatiis, Br.ocii,— 

 Serranus myriasler CuviEii & Vai-enciennes). 



Bodiamts, Cuvier, R6gne Animal, Ed. 1, li, 276, 1817; Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 237 

 (restriction to gullalns, etc.) 



Uriphxton,l SwAiNSON, Nat Ilist. Classn. Fishes, ii, 202, 1839, (phxion). 



Emieacentnis, Gill, Proc Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1805, 105, {oualalibi - fulriix, Bof(mni(.« being trans- 

 ferred to Bodimius hodiaiiHs, Bloch, = Harpc rnfa). 



Menephorvs, Poey, Ann. Lye. Nat. Ili.st. N. Y., x, 1869, 50, (dtdnttK). 



Enneislus, Jordan & Evermann, new subgenus, {acanthislins). 



This genus is close to Epinepheluii, from which it is separated mainly by 

 the presence of 9 spines in the dorsal fin instead of 11. In character of 

 cranium the two genera differ little, the skull above having its bones 

 thin and smooth, the angular ridge on the posterior part of the frontals 

 being wanting, the parietal and supraoccipital crests not extending on 

 the frontals. Species rather numerous in warm seas, of small size and 

 bright color. (Bodiano or Pudiano, Portuguese name of the larger Labroid 

 fishes in Brazil, the name used for Harpe rufa, which Bloch referred to 

 this genns. The word is from pudor, modesty, and is cognate with Don- 

 zella, Senorita, and similar terms applied to the same fishes, in opposition 

 to Old Wife, Vieja, etc., given to the larger and plainly-colored species.) 



Bodianus: 

 a. Scales ctenoid; none of the dorsal spines elevated. 



h. Caudal fin not lunate; head and body with few or many small, blue, dark-edged spots. 

 c. Caudal fin rounded, the middle rays longest; snout with 1 or 2 blue stripes; back of 

 tail without conspicuous black blotch; scales small; lateral line about 115. 



T.F.NIOPS, 1540. 



cc. Caudal fin truncate, the middle and outer rays about equal; snout without stripes; 



back of tail with 2 black spots; lower jaw with a black spot at tip; scales 



moderate; lateral lino about 90. 



d. Ground color lemon-yellow; blue spots few. fulvus, 1541. 



dd. Ground color bright scarlet. ruber, 1541<i. 



ddd. Ground color brown. punctatus, 15416. 



Menephortjs (n»ji'>), moon; (j>ope<i), to bear) ; 



bl>. Caudal fin lunate, with prominent angles; body covered with blue spots. 



e. Body rather deep; preoisercle evenly convex, without salient angle; mouth small, 

 the lower jaw much projecting, gill rakers slender, long, about x + 20; color 

 carmine red, the head, back, and sides more or less covered with blue, dark- 

 edged points; caudal tips black; some dark spots on maxillary and about eye; 

 no black blotch on caudal peduncle or on tip of lower jaw. dubius, 1542. 



ee. Body more slender, the depth 4 in total length; eye 53-^ in head. 



Pl'NCTlFERUS, 1543. 



* According to Bloch, .lacob Evertzen was a noted Dutch pilot in the middle of the last cen- 

 tury. From bis pock-marked face, his fellow sailors gave to these dark -spotted and freckled fishes 

 (especially to Bodianus giillaliii', the type of the genus) the name of Jacob Evertzen. 



t Bodianus of Bloch is an artificial group, resting on characters valueless or erroneous. It was 

 limited by Cuvier, in 1817, to species allied to Epinephelns; by Gill, 1862, to 9-spiued species of 

 this group; and by Jordan & Gilbert, 1883, to the limits here assigned, Bodi<xims guUatm, Bloch 

 (= argus), an East Indian species, being recognized as the type. 



JThe generic name Jriphirlon was given to a specimen, "Serrauu.o j'liiTtou" Cuvier* Valen- 

 ciennes, of some species oi Bodiamm, probably Bodianus nigripiuuts, according to Bouleuger, in 

 the caudal fin of which the caudal filament of Fistuluria had been inserted. 



