1156 Bulletin 4J, United States National AI use urn. 



obtained at the Snapper Banks off Pensacola by Mr. Silas Stearns. 

 These differ a little from Poey's account, but they evidently belong to 

 the same species as the ^. ,//acy/i«i7*a<«s of Poey. In all details of form 

 the species seems to agree fully with E. niveatits, but the coloration is 

 quite unlike that of the latter species, and so sharply defined that we are 

 obliged to admit it as a distinct species. It may, nevertheless, prove to 

 be the adult of Epinephelus nireatus, as supposed by Dr. Boulenger. 

 West Indies, recorded from Havana and Pensacola, in rather deep water; 

 not common. Our specimens from tlie Pensacola Snapper Banks. 

 {Jlavus, yellow; limhus, edge.) 



EpinephelusJlavoUmbalns, ToEY, Repertorio, i, 183, 1867, Cuba; PoEv, Synopsis, 286, 1868; Jordan 



& ElGENMANN, I. c, 357, 1890. 

 Epinephehis niveatus, Joedan Sc Eveumann, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1886, 475. 



15.^1. EPINEPHELUS NIVEATUS (Cuvier & Valeucieunes). 



Head 2\; depth 2-i^o- D- XI (rarely X), 14 or 15; A. Ill, 9; scales 18-115 

 to 120-50, pores 67 to 75. Body oblong, compressed, the back elevated; 

 the anterior profile somewhat convex ; the snout short, rather sharp, its 

 length 3| in head. Mouth large, the maxillary extending to below pos- 

 terior margin of eye, its length 2 in head. Canines rather strong, espe- 

 cially in upper jaw. Lower jaw considerably projecting. Eye rather large. 

 Preopercle with its angle decidedly salient, armed with stronger teeth, 

 the emargination above the angle slight. Interorbital space flatfish, its 

 width 7J in head. Gill rakers moderate, the longest as long as gill fringes, 

 about 15 on lower limb of arch. Scales moderate. Dorsal spines rather 

 high, the fourth about 2f in head ; soft dorsal of moderate height ; caudal 

 truncate, 2 in head ; anal moderate, its second anal spine about as long as 

 third, 2f in head; longest soft ray 2^. Pectorals not reaching to the tips 

 of the long ventrals, 1-1% in head. Tentrals nearly reaching vent, about 

 as long as pectorals. Color of young specimen in alcohol: Brown, with 

 round whitish spots on the body, rather smaller than pupil, regularly 

 arranged in vertical and horizontal series, about 5 in horizontal and 4 in 

 vertical row ; these rows sometimes show irregularities ; no distinct spots 

 on breast ; a very large black blotch on upper part of caudal peduncle, 

 much larger than in E. labriformis and extending to below lateral line ; 

 a dark mustache above edge of maxillary; tins nearly plain, probably 

 yellowish in life, the dorsal with a median row of round dusky spots on 

 the membranes. (Description from young specimen 6J inches long. ) West 

 Indies to Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) ; not very common; occasionally 

 northward in the Gulf Stream as far as Newport, Rhode Island. Some 

 specimens lack the saddle-like blotch on the tail, but in all the pearly 

 spots on the side are persistent, (niveatus, snowy.) 



Seiranns niveattis, CnviER & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii, 380, 1828, Brazil; GfNTHEu, 

 Cat., 1, 130, 1859. 



Serranns martjarilifer, Gunther, Cat., I, 131, 1859, South America. 



Serramts conspersus, Poev, Memorias, ii, 139, 1860, Havana. 



Uyporthodns flnvkaudn, GiLl, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Pliila., 1861, 98; young specimen, taken at New- 

 port, Rhode Island. (Coll. Samuel Powell.) 



Epinejiheltis iiirealiis, PoEY, Synopsis, 286, 1868; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 541, 1883; Jordan 

 & Swain, I. c, 386, 1884; Jordan & Eiqenmann, I.e., 357, 1890; Boulenger, Cat., i, 226. 



