1164 Bulletin 4y, United States JVational Museum. 



Perca gutlaia, Ltnn^US, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1758, 292, Brazil; after Mabcgrave, Willuohbt, 

 Sloane, Catesry, etc. ; the account of color taken from Catesby's figure of the Eed Hind 

 {Epinephelus c<diis); the various authors quoted each supposing his specimens to be identical 

 with that of Marcgrave. 



Serrantiis itidara, LicHTENSTEiN,* Acta Berolinens. for 1821, 378, 1822, Brazil; Cuvier k Valen- 

 ciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., II, 370, 182S; not Itaiara, Marcgrave. 



Seirunnn giileu.% MuLLER and Troschel, in Scliomburgk's Kei.se in Brit. Guiana, (121, 1842, 

 Guiana; GC'NTIier, Cat., i, 130, 1859. 



Serranns giiasa, Poey, Memorias Cuba, li, 141, 354, tab. 13, fig. 8, 1860, Cuba. 



Sen-anus qninquefasciatm, BocouRT, Ann. Sci. Nat., 1868, 223, Nagualate, Pacific Coast of 

 Guatemala. 



Epinephebis qnlnquefascialus, Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1882, 106, 110, 112. 



PromUrops guiixd, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 542, 1883. 



Epinephelns galeus, Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. I'hila., 1883, 285. 



Epinephelusitaiarn, Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 124; Boulenger, Cat., i, 252. 



Promiaops itaiara, Jordan & Swain, I. c, 1884, 877. 



Promicrops guUattis, Jordan & Eigenmann, I c, 363, 1890. 



503, ALPHESTES, Bloch & Schneider. 



Alphesles, Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 236, 1801, (afer). 



Prospimis, (Poey MS.) Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 237, {chloropterus = afer). 



The geuus Alphestes contains two species of small fishes which difter from 

 Evineplielus proper in the presence of a strong antrorse spine on the lower 

 limb of the preopercle. Frontal bones with an anterior excavation for 

 the reception of the posterior processes of the premaxillaries, a process or 

 knob on each side of skull behind the interorbital area ; supraoccipital 

 and parietal crests produced on frontals, but not extending to between 

 orbits. Dorsal rays XI, 17 to 20 ; anal III, 9. {al(f>TiaT?j^, greedy or ilicon- 

 tinent, a name api)lied to a kind of fish that swims in pairs, one behind 

 the other, possibly Symphodus tinea.) 



a. Second anal spine as long as third; gill rakers short. Color olive, clouded with dusky, the 

 body with rather few dark-orange spots; breast with pearly spots; a dark mustache 

 above the ma.xillary; lower jaw little projecting; preorbital very narrow, afer, 1558. 



aa. Second anal spine longer than third; gill rakers long, longer than gill fringes. Color 

 olivaceous, the ground color nearly uniform, the body and fins closely covered with 

 small dark-brown spots; breast plain; snout slender, pointed; lower jaw rather strongly 

 projecting. multiguttatus, 1559. 



1558. ALPHESTES AFEIt (Bloch). 



(Guaseta.) 



Head 2f ; depth 2t ; eye large, 4i in head. D. XI, 17 to 19; A. Ill, 9; 

 scales 10-75 to 80-35, pores 50 to 60. Body oblong, ovate, rather com- 

 pressed, the greatest width 2J times in depth ; head small, rather pointed, 

 the profile nearly straight from the tip of the snout to the nape, there 

 forming a considerable angle, being steeper and more gibbous to the 

 front of the dorsal fin; snout short, shorter than eye; mouth small, the 

 maxillary extending a little beyond the eye, its length 2.f in head ; max- 

 illary naked ; teeth comparatively small, in broad bands, the upper jaw 



*According to Professor Peters, the type of Serramis itaiara is a very young fish, with the eye 

 as wide as the interorbital space, but in other respects identical with the type of Serramts galeus. 



