1222 Bulletin 4j, Untied States JVational Aluseum. 



its longest (second) soft ray 2 in head, its third spine longest, 2f in head; 

 ventrals narrow, 1^ in head, not reaching vent; pectorals lanceolate, as 

 long as head; humeral scale long. Color bright red, or salmon color, 

 with 3 small violet spots, 1 on side of back and 1 or 2 on the tail ; a bar of 

 similar color extending from upper corner of pectoral across the humeral 

 process; sides with faint oblique streaks along the rows of scales; dorsal 

 fin with a longitudinal blackish streak. Both coasts of tropical America, 

 Cuba to Brazil, Cape San Lucas to the Galapagos, common about the out- 

 lying islands ; the specimens here described from Havana. We are not able 

 to separate the Pacific form (colonuK) from the Atlantic (furcifer). A most 

 beautiful fish, (/wj-ca, fork; /n-o, I bear ; from the form of the caudal.) 

 Sen-amis furcifer, CuviER & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii, 264, 1828, Brazil. 

 * Serranns creohta, CuviER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ii, 265, 1828, Martinique, San 

 Domingo; Gunther, Cat., i, 100, 1859; Steindachner, Iclith. Beitriigo, iv, C, 1875. 

 Corvina oxijptera, DeKay, New YorkF.iuna: Fishes, 77, pi. xxx, fig. 90, 1842, locality unknown. 

 Serramts colonus, Valenciennes, Voyage Venus, Zool., 300, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1846, Galapagos Islands. 

 Anthias furcifer, Gunther, Cat., i, 91, 1859. 

 BrachyrJdmis creolus. Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 249. 

 Paranthias crcnlits, GuicilENOT, Ann. Liunnean Soc, x, 1868. 

 Piiranthias furcifer, GliiciiENOT, Ann. Linnrean Soc, x, 1868. 

 Brachjrliimts furcifer, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 910, 188.3. 

 Paranthias furcifer, JORDAN & Bioenmann, I. c, 381, 1890; Boulenger, Cat., i, 273. 



514. HEMIANTHIAS, Steindachner. 



HemianOdas, Steindachner, Ichth. BeltrJige, i, 4, 1874, (peruanus). 



This genus is very close to Pronotogrammus, from which it differs chiefly 

 in the more posterior insertion of the ventrals, which are not before the 

 axil of pectoral. Scales smaller than in Pronotogrammus. Vertebrae 25 

 or 26. Species American. {?//it, half; Anthias.) 



a. Scales 5-56-20; pector.al short, 1% in head; color rose red, with diffuse golden-brown spots. 



pekuanus, 1609. 

 aa. Scales 3-48-16; pectoral 1^^ in bead; color carmine, much mottled with golden yellow. 



VIVANUS, 1610. 



1609. HEMIANTHIAS PERUANUS, Steindachner. 



Head 3i ; depth 3 ; eye very large, 4^ in adult. D. X, 14 ; A. Ill, 8 ; 

 scales 4 or 5-56-20. Pectoral fin short, If in head ; middle rays of caudal 

 as long as head ; body compressed, rather deep, deepest behind the head ; 

 head compressed, almost as deep as long ; anterior profile nearly straight, 

 moderately steep; mouth moderate, very oblique, the lower jaw project- 

 ing, its tip entering the profile ; preorbital narrow, as broad as pupil, its 

 edge roughened with mucous tubes; maxillary 2 in head, naked, very 

 broad at tip, its width f eye ; snout 4^ in head ; snout, forehead, and 

 top of head naked ; teeth very small, in very narrow bands ; 2 canines each 

 directed outward, in front of lower jaw, a smaller one turned backward 

 before middle of side of jaw ; upper jaw with a single short canine directed 

 forward on each side in front ; interorbital region flattish, with two bony 

 ridges and a median depression ; smooth area of frontal region of skull 

 short and small, broader than long; occipital crest high and long; pre- 

 opercle sharply serrate, its angle a right angle ; gill rakers very long, 



