204 AVM. 11. EDWARDS. 



I have not a doubt of the blood relationship of all these forms, and, 

 to speak no farther, of every member of the genus, and I see no 

 alternative between lumping them all together, or the holding breed- 

 ing true to each type to be for all practical purposes a sufficient test of 

 what is called a "good species." There is no sort of assurance that in 

 this, and many similar cases, one form is a variety of the other, that 

 is, has sprung from the other. All have sprung from a common 

 ancestor, from whose type they have one and all departed, and 

 naturally they have inherited many points in common, while they 

 have come to differ in many others. To call one of these forms the 

 parent species and the rest varieties of it, merely because the first 

 chanced to be first described, is assuming what we know nothing at 

 all about, and what may be utterly at variance with the facts. We 

 cannot often breed these forms or from them, but when one prevails 

 in one district and another prevails in another district, and the differ- 

 ences of each are conspicuous, plainly they are breeding each true to 

 its type, and each is entitled in a systematic work to its own designa- 

 tion. They have been varieties, they now are species, that is, perma- 

 nent varieties, for no man can give a better definition of a species than 

 that. But they are not varieties one of the other, for all that appears. 



.'\i*gyniii!i> Carpenterii, n. sp. 



Male. — Expands 2.5. Upper side yellow fulvous, much obscured 

 at base and over basal half of inner margin of primaries, and over 

 secondaries to the mesial band; both wings bordered by two parallel 

 lines, the space between being fulvous, cut by the black nervules- 

 primaries have a series of black lunules resting on the inner line; on 

 secondaries the lunules are incomplete and do not touch the line ; the 

 other markings as in Cyhele ; the mesial band of secondaries narrow, 

 complete; the spot on the arc like the letter C, the basal limb being 

 almost or quite obsolete, the other thick and crossed by a fulvous 

 streak indicating the arc; fringes luteous, black at the tips of the 

 nervules. 



On the under side, both wings have a broad marginal border of 

 dead leaf brown, passing into fulvous next inner margin of primaries; 

 primaries yellow brown, clear beyond the disk, tinted with reddish 

 nest base and over the inner margin ; the subapical patch dark brown ; 

 the black markings repeated; in the cell the spot like the letter P in- 

 verted has the bend angular, the top square, and the standard cut by 

 a fulvous stripe ; the submarginal spots lanceolate, those towards apex 

 brown, and inclosing imperfectly silvered spots; two silver spots on 

 the patch. 



