46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 122 



again, the pair had separated. Clearly one male had been attracted by the 

 courtship of another and had successfully interrupted it. 



This was seen only once, probably because males by their aggressive 

 behavior keep other males out of the area where mating takes place. 



Agonistic behavior. — The information on the role of agonistic 

 behavior in the spatial organization of A. lineatopus populations is 

 more abundant and more du-ect than is that on the role of courtship. 



Two factors are most important in agonistic behavior: relative 

 size and loca,tion. First, A. lineatopus is most aggressive toward 

 others of similar size while much less so toward those that are either 

 much larger or much smaller. Second, A. lineatopus is most aggres- 

 sive within its activity range and particularly on its usual perches. 

 As a result, A. lineatopus of similar size have activity ranges with 

 little overlap. Greater overlap in activity range is possible between 

 individuals with greater differences in size. Anolis lineatopus (parti- 

 cularly females and subadults) behave aggressively toward anoles 

 of other species just as they do toward their own species. 



Though the basic pattern is quite simple, the relationships among 

 A. lineatopus in the areas studied were complex. Because of the 

 wide range of sizes present, each individual behaved somewhat differ- 

 ently to each of its neighbors. 



Collias (1944) has said that individual aggression may be expressed 

 as either of two types: dominance hierarchies and territoriality. 

 This dichotomy has been widely used in studies on Uzards (C. C. 

 Carpenter, 1962; Greenberg and Noble, 1944; Evans, 1951, etc.). 

 The behavior of A. lineatopus can not be assigned to either of these 

 categories because it has important aspects of each of them. By 

 either a simple definition of territory as "a defended area" (Noble, 

 1939) or a more complex operational definition — "an area or space 

 in which a particular individual dominates certain categories of 

 intruders who dominate it elsewhere. An individual dominates 

 another when it drives it away, excludes it or supplants it at will" 

 (Rand, in press) — every A. lineatopus holds a territory, defending it 

 against neighbors of the same size. At the same time, each is a 

 member of a straight line dominance hierarchy that consists of all 

 those anoles of different sizes whose home ranges overlap its own 

 home range. 



Territorial behavior in some form or other is a common behavior 

 pattern in iguanids and has been reported from almost every species 

 that has been studied in detail. Adult males are always involved, 

 and sometimes adult females as well. In a few cases, principally 

 Blair (1960), Fitch (1956a), and Oliver (1948), it has been reported 

 in juveniles. 



