34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 122 



pores usually more numerous at any given size; vertebrae usually 33 



or 34 14 



14a. Supraorbital cirrus length 1.9-3.9 percent SL (usually less than 3.3 per- 

 cent) ; upper lip usually with 7-9 dark stripes (frequently present only 

 as faint indications and restricted to lower half of lip) alternating with 

 pale bands; dark stripe on fleshy pectoral base separated by pale area 

 from base of pectoral rays; preopercular series of pores simple, rarely 

 with one or two positions with paired pores. 



nigricans (Caribbean Sea, Florida, Bermuda) 



14b. Supraorbital cirrus length 2.7-7.9 percent SL (usually more than 3.2 per- 

 cent except in specimens from Cape San Lucas where cirri appear to 

 be malformed) ; color pattern of upper lip variable, dark stripes present 

 or absent, numbering up to 14; dark stripe present or absent on fleshy 

 pectoral base; preopercular series of pores varying from all positions 

 simple to all positions with paired pores 15 



15a. A dark spot frequently present just posterior to eye; preopercular series 

 of pores frequently including paired pores at 1 or more positions (60 

 percent of specimens); upper lip color pattern frequently of 10-14 

 dark stripes separated by pale interspaces, occasionally of about 7 pale 

 stripes separated by dusky interspaces, or irregularly or uniformly dusky; 

 a dark stripe frequently present on fleshy pectoral base separated by 

 a pale area from pectoral rays chiostictus (eastern Pacific) 



15b. No dark spot just posterior to eye; preopercular series of pores usually 



all simple (never more than 1 pair included in series) ; no dark stripe 



present on fleshy pectoral base; lip stripes, when present, fewer than 8. 



caudofasciatus (Tahiti, Raroia, Makatea, Rarotonga) 



16a. Pseudobranchial filaments 5-16 (commonly 10 or more) ; segmented anal 

 rays 16-19 (commonly 18-19, associated with more than 3 predorsal 

 commissural pores); segmented dorsal rays 15-18 (commonly 17 or 18); 

 main supraorbital cirrus with rarely less than 2 lateral branches; 13th 

 dorsal spine frequently obvious (when obvious, usually more than 2.9 

 percent SL) ; membrane of last dorsal ray frequently attached over, or 

 posterior to, caudal origin; color pattern of sides frequently much ver- 

 miculated, reticulated, or of several irregular light to dark longitudinal 

 stripes; eye usually larger at any given size (table 3) ; commonly attaining 

 sizes of over 100 mm SL (up to 153 mm) 17 



16b. Pseudobranchial filaments 4-12 (rarely more than 9); segmented anal rays 

 14-18 (commonly 18 in only E. rofeni, which has only 3 predorsal com- 

 missural pores) ; segmented dorsal rays 13-17 (rarely 17) ; main supra- 

 orbital cirrus with or without lateral branches; 13th dorsal spine usually 

 not obvious (when obvious, usually less than 2.9 percent SL) ; membrane 

 of last dorsal ray attached anterior to caudal origin; color pattern of sides 

 never vermiculated, reticulated, or of longitudinal stripes; eye usually 

 smaller at any given size (table 3) ; only 2 species (E. marmoratus and E. 

 epalzeocheilus) attaining a size of 100 mm SL (largast specimen known 

 121 mm) 18 



17a. Color pattern of body of specimens over 80 mm SL with large number of 



tiny vermiculations; pectoral fin diffusely dusky, sometimes with a 



reticular pattern of fine dark lines; dorsal rays 15-17 (modally 16); anal 



rays 16-18; pores before anterior nostril 2 or more (55 of 56 specimens). 



vermiculatus (Indian Ocean other than Australia) 



17b. Color pattern of body of specimens over 80 mm SL quite variable, but never 

 consisting of tiny vermiculations; pectoral fin usually striped, spotted, or 



