NO. 3582 GENUS ENTOMACKODUS SPRINGER 3 



I am especially indebted to Dr. W. A. Gosline for many valuable 

 and stimulating; discussions and suggestions concerning Pacific fish 

 distributions. He also generously arranged with his students and 

 colleagues in Hawaii for a collecting trip which provided significant 

 material of the new Hawaiian species described below. 



A trip to Dominica, B.W.I., sponsored by the Bredin-Archbold- 

 Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica, afforded me the oppor- 

 tunity of collecting and observing Entomacrodus nigricans in the 

 field . A large number of my central Pacific specimens of Entomacrodus 

 were obtained through the efforts of the Smithsonian Pacific Bio- 

 logical Survey Program under the direction of Dr. P. S. Humphrey. 



The drawings of the fishes were made by the following illustrators: 

 Sharon L. Lesure (pis. 1, 2, 4-6, 8, 12-16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25-30), 

 Fanny L. Phillips (pis. 9, 11), Carolyn B. Gast (pis. 20, 24), and 

 Peter McCrery (pi. 23). 



Many aspects of my study were financially supported by a research 

 award from the Smithsonian Institution. 



Methods 



Measurements. — When possible, I made all measurements on 

 the left side of each specimen, using a pair of needlepoint dividers 

 that were marked off on a ruler graduated in half millimeters. I 

 estimated to the nearest tenth millimeter. Later in the study, a set 

 of needlepoint dial calipers measuring directly to the nearest tenth 

 millimeter was employed. Over 100 comparisons of the two methods 

 of measuring were made; differences ranged from to ±0.4 mm, the 

 largest involving the longest measurements. These differences were 

 not considered significant for the purpose of this study. 



Tables of routine measurements are given for each taxon treated 

 and are to be considered part of the description. In many instances 

 there is no discussion of tabular material although the proportions 

 frequently indicate significant changes correlated with standard 

 length or indicate characters that show species differences. It will 

 occasionally be necessary to compare all or many of these tables for 

 a particular character (for example, caudal length) in order to note 

 meaningful key characters for a species. For some characters (e.g., 

 eye diameter, table 3, and supraorbital cirrus length, table 4), I liave 

 made many more measurements than are included in the tables of 

 routine measurements. 



Standard length (SI^): Taken from the midtip of tlie upper lip 

 to the midlateral posterior margin of the hypural vertebra as indicated 

 externally on the specimen. 



