AKT. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 5 



As Meyer and Wiglesworth * have already remarked, the avifauna 

 of Celebes is more closely related to that of the Philippines than 

 that of any of the surrounding islands; this seems to be especially 

 true of the north. In the south, however, a southern element has 

 worked in and quite frequently a species will have a representative 

 form in both ends of the island. Mr. Raven's collections would seem 

 to indicate that the southern forms extend much farther to the north 

 than has hitherto been suspected. 



Since the publication of Meyer and Wiglesworth 's great work" 

 very few papers have been published upon the avifauna. Besides 

 the two papers by Doctor Meyer mentioned above, Vorderman ^ has 

 published a list of 118 forms of which none appear to be described as 

 new ; Madaras '' named a ground thrush, Geocichla frontalis; Charles 

 Hose ^ published a list of the birds taken by him during a two months' 

 collecting trip to the northern districts, especially on Mount Musa- 

 rang, but the only new bird secured by him had already been named 

 by Sharpe some years previously and included by Meyer and Wigles- 

 worth ; Doctor Hartert ^ published a paper on the birds of Tukang- 

 Besi Islands and Buton; most of the mention of Celebes otherwise 

 has been in short notes, the revision of genera, or incidentally in 

 papers on other regions. Naturalists seem to have conceived the idea 

 that Celebes was well-worked so far as birds are concerned, thus 

 instead of stimulating research, Meyer and Wiglesworth 's work would 

 seem to have discouraged it. 



In the following notes upon the forms, after a list of localities 

 represented, I have endeavored to confine myself to facts supposed to 

 be additional to those given by Meyer and Wiglesworth, or to other 

 items of interest to emphasize some fact. It is quite possible that I 

 have overlooked some of the literature, but this has become so im- 

 mense in recent years that it is almost inevitable; then authors have 

 a habit of revising genera in a paper whose title would be easily 

 passed over by an investigator dealing with a definite locality. 



The species have been arranged in the order of Sharpe's hand list, 

 though an arrangement following Meyer and Wiglesworth would 

 have facilitated comparison with that work, but an arrangement that 

 begins with the hawks and ends with the grebes seems so fundamen- 

 tally wrong and archaic that comparisons with modern lists of other 

 countries are loo difficult to make. 



* Birds of Celebes, p. 130. 



^ Birds of Celebes, 2 vols., continuously paged, quarto, 1S98, pp. v-xxxii, 1-962, 7 maps, 

 45 colored plates. 



«Natuur. Tijds. Nederl. Indie, vol. .58. 1898, pp. 26-121. 

 ■^ Term^szetrajzi Fiizetek, vol. 22, 1899, pp. 111-113, pi. 8. 

 «Ornis, vol. 12. 1903, pp. 77-177. 

 9 Nov. Zool., vol. 10, 1903, pp. 18-38. 



