FOSSIL FLOIJA. ( (D 



(if Alims, 7 of Salix. 2 of ropulus, 1 of Acer, 4 of Vacciniuni, 5 of the 

 order Caprifoliaceoe, 2 of Cornacepe, 2 of the Kosacepe, etc. Perhaps 

 the most conspicuous tree is the quakino- aspen (Popidus tremulokhs). The 

 Cottonwood (P.Kjif/itstifolia) is rare, l^eing found only along- Cache Creek. 

 Several of the willo\\-s are abundant, as is also the common birch {Befitla 

 (jhnKhiJosa), and tlie June berry (Aiiiehoichirr alnifolia). The other shrubs 

 are rare, or are confined to few localities. 



The fossil Hora, on the other hand, was especially rich in deciduous 

 leaved vegetation. Tluis the Juglandacea^ was rejiresented by 5 species 

 of Juglans and 4 species of Hicoria (Carya), a numl)er of which were very 

 abundant. The genus Populus was especially rich, there being no fewer 

 than 7 species. Certain of these, as I'opnlns spccio.sa, I' ihiphuogenoides^ and 

 /'. i/hiiiduUfera, were in great abundance, and the stratum in wliich they 

 occur consists of a perfect mat of these leaves. Something like lUO examples 

 of I s]iecies were ol^tained. 



Another striking feature was the presence of numerous magniiicent 

 magnolias. Of these, 4 species have been described from the leaves and 



1 from the thiclc petals of the flower. The species described as Magnolia 

 spedahiUs is represented by a great numl)(*r of leaves in a tine state of 

 preservation. It ajipears to be more closely related to the living M. grnn- 

 rJifora (M.fatida of later authors) than any one previously described. 



The svcaraores were also an important element in this flora. Of the 



2 species described from the leaves and 1 from the wood, the one known 

 as riidaiiHs (/iiilh'Iiiue was especially abundant. It is found in nearly all 

 the Tertiary beds in the Park and is represented in the collections by nearly 

 200 examples. The species described as PJutanhnnm hugdeni is based upon 

 a trunk or branch 6 inches in diameter. It is most closely related to the 

 li\-ing Fhifdinis occidentalis. 



Another important group is formed l)y 4 sj)ecies of Aralia. Of these, 

 Alalia iiotata was evidently one of the most abundant and imposing trees 

 of the whole flora. The collections contain over 100 examples, none of 

 which are entire, however, as some of the leaves must have been fully 



3 feet in lenofh and more than 2 feet in width. A small leaf and one of 

 medium size are figured on the plates. Aralia ivhitnegi, a species common 

 to the Auriferous gravels of California, had striking 5 to 7 lobed leaves, 



, often 1 foot in length. This species was not so abundant, judging from 



