354 AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA, 



toba, which illustrate local range, and with the smaller contributions 

 I have an excellent basis for a study of the species. 



First of all, it should be said that the structure of the male geni- 

 talia is practically identical throughout. I have examined speci- 

 mens of each type and from almost every locality, and a series of 

 dry specimens from Cohasset, Mass., furnished a large lot of mate- 

 rial which was softened in liquor potassa and from which the genital 

 structures were then dissected out entire. In the corneous parts, 

 clasper and uncus, there is absolutely no perceptible variation ; in 

 the harpes, or side pieces which are less chitinized, there occurs a 

 very slight variation in details of outline ; but so slight as to be 

 unnoticeable, except on close comparison. The abdominal brush is 

 also identical throughout. 



In locality the specimens range from Maine to Texas, to the 

 Mississippi Valley to South Dakota and to Manitoba. I have noth- 

 ing from the Rocky Mountain region nor from the Pacific Coast. 

 As to dates of capture, they begin in early September, extend 

 through October, and a few examples are marked as taken in May, 

 indicating a form that hibernates in the adult stage. 



The range of size is unusual for a Noctuid : the smallest example 

 expands 1.10 inches and is a % ; the largest expands 1.50 inches 

 and is a 2 » the largest c? reaching almost as much, or 1.48 inches. 



In ground color the primaries may be anything from a pale lute- 

 ous to coppery red-brown, and the secondaries range from uniform 

 glistening reddish-yellow to black. Usually the primaries are more 

 or less powdered with black scales; but sometimes they are almost 

 uniform reddish brown, the other extreme coming in when all 

 beyond the median line is black or blackish, making a typical 

 bicolorago. In what may be considered the normal form of ferru- 

 ginoides, the primaries are of a tolerably even rusty luteous, with 

 blackish or darker brown powderings, which first become more 

 noticeable over the median shade, making that broader and more 

 dififuse, and then darken the s. t. space to the s. t. line which is 

 thereby relieved and made more prominent. The terminal space is 

 usually not quite so dark as the sub terminal. As a rule the dark 

 secondaries go with the dark primaries, and all the bicolorago that 

 I have seen have the hind wings black. As the primaries become 

 paler the secondaries follow, and a mottled forewing means, usually, 

 a hindwino; in which the disc is blackish. In the bred series from 



