^^issnl^'] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MU.SEUM. 573 



parasitism. From the Jina-hidirhnvc hreii roared plcioiiuilim's, eiiteilo 

 nines and tridymines while the eurytomine ji;enns Uruchophatfus o\' \s\i- 

 mead is parasitic, so far as we know, npon insects of this family. With 

 the Cliry.someUda' we should naturally expect many parasites, yet hut 

 few are known. The Euroi)ean Chalcis parrnln is reared from Cttsitida 

 jUaf/iniis, Eiipdmus annulatus from a Chri/s(»nehi,-<i\\d Uomntotylus Jlnm- 

 ?«n/.s'from GaJcrucac((lmariensis. From OdnntofasKtnrdlis Dr. Kiley has 

 reared iSpilovhalris odo)(toln\ Si/nipiczi(s nroplativ, and I h'rostcnnx primus 

 — the latter probably a secondary parasite. While from the ej^j^s of the 

 same species he has reared 1'richo<iramma odonlotd: (See my paper 

 on the parasites of Odontota suturalis, Entomohuj'wa Americana, i, 117.) 

 A few entedonines and [)teromalines are recorded from this ffioui), but 

 are probably secondary parasites. Anion j; the Ileteromera 1 know oidy 

 of Gi rand's record of Eurytoma histrionica from Mordrllistenacpistcrnalis. 

 The lihynchophoni, however, are rather extensively parasitized. Per- 

 haps most common are the pteromalines of the tribe Chiropachidts^ as 

 liliaplutclus, Rliopalicus aiul Cliiropuchys. Certain of the CUnnymide.s 

 and li02)tn>ceruSj Aetro.ryH, Ilolcwus and others of the Pteromalides are 

 also reared. Of the other subfamilies the Ei(rytomin<v are represeuted 

 by several species of Enrytoma, the Eupelmiiuv by Eiiprlmio^, and the 

 Tridyminw, Enlopliina\ Ehtchistina' and Entedoniiuv by si)ecieso( the typi- 

 cal genus of each subfamily. Two species of the curious tricho,ij;rammim'. 

 fjenusPoro^jaa are said by Kat/eburg to have been reared by Keissig, tlui 

 one from small larv;e of Apodcrcs and the other from the leaf roll of lihyn- 

 cliites. Both of these records need contirmatiou as otherwise the egg- 

 inhabiting life is uniform throughout the Tricho(jrammina\ There is 

 also an European record of a torymine from a species of .l^)/o?t. The 

 comparatively slight extent of chalcidid parasitism upon Coleoptera 

 which we have just indicated as a summary of our present knowledge, 

 may prove to be indicative of the true condition of their mutual rela- 

 tions, but this r am inclined to doubt for the reason that the early stages 

 of the beetles have not, on account of the dilhculty of the study, been 

 so carefully observed as those of insectsof other orders. I think it safe 

 to say, however, in view of such facts as are upon record, that the lira- 

 conidw are more abundantly parasitic upon Coleoptera than are the 

 ChaUidida'. 



Of the Diptera we have many chalcidid parasites, which are, however, 

 vastly more abundant as destroyers o{{\\iy Nemafoccra than of the other 

 suborders or series. The midges of the family Vccidomyiiita' are partic- 

 ularly great sufferers from the attacks of these parasites. The gall- 

 making torms are pierced by the same genera of chalcidids which para 

 sitize the galls of the cynii)ids an 1 to a certain extent those ofthe gall- 

 making tenthredinids and microlepidoptera, namely those of ihesiil) 

 families Eiirytomina' and Tory m inn' very abundantly, with species of 

 I'feromalinn., and, more rarely, Tridymina-, Eupdminit\ Encyrtiiuv, Entc- 

 donina^, ixinX Elavhiatimv and with certain tetrastichines aud oue specie^j 



