388 THE HAVESU-PAI INDIANS SHUFELDT. 



maps the San Francisco mountain is represented as belonging to the 

 continuous Mogollon chain, which comes from the east southeast, and 

 was called Sierra de los Cosninos, the name of a tribe of Indians in- 

 habiting this region. I am under the impression that Lerous, the early 

 explorer in that part of the country was finally murdered by the (Jos- 

 niuos, but I do not remember that the account has ever been printed." 

 Whipple also refers to the "Cosnino caves," remarking that "the 

 Cosnino caves had been plastered with mortar, showing more artistic 

 skill than is practiced by the present occupants of the country" (loc. eit, 

 p. 15). And again on page 19 he goes to show that, taken collectively, 

 the Pontos, Cosninos, and Yampais together number 6,000 souls; of 

 these 2,000 were Yampais (p. 17). But all this is very brief and un- 

 satisfactory. 



Capt. John G. Bourke in his work on " The Snake-dance of the 

 Moquis of Arizona" (1884), says, " At Ream's ranch we met Mr. Alex- 

 ander Steven, a bright Scotchman who during the past 12 years has 

 had considerable experience as a metallurgist and mining prospector 

 in Nevada and Utah. He gave me a thrilling account of his journey 

 westward to the country of the Oohoninos, a tribe of Indians living in 

 the canon of Cataract Creek, near its junction with the Grand CaQon 

 of the Colorado in this Territory. 



u They number only from forty to fifty warriors, live in the cliffs in win- 

 ter, and build ' wickyups' or sapling lodges in summer. They say that 

 the Hualpais (Wolapais), Apache-Mojaves, and themselves are all one 

 people — Cohoninos — but that their proper designation is the " Ah-Su- 

 pai. 



" They raise an-abundance of finest peaches, good corn and melons, 

 and weave unusually fine and beautiful baskets. They are great hunt- 

 ers, and eke out a living by trading off" buckskins, and sometimes mount- 

 ain lion pelts, to the Moquis, Navajos, and Apaches. 



"The canon in which they dwell is 4,500 feet deep, and is that of 

 the Cataract Creek, a strong body of clear water tumbling by a series 

 of cascades into the Grand Canon of the Colorado, 1,500 feet still deeper, 

 and separated from their village hy a series of blood-curdling })recipices 

 and chasms " (pp. 80, 81). Captain Bourke, in speaking of the Moquis, 

 savs further, that " Intimate commercial relations are maintained with 



•^ 7 



the Cohoninos or Ava-Supais on the west {loc. cit., p. 254). 



In a lecture before the National Academy of Sciences, delivered in 

 Washington, April 22, 1882, Mr. Frank 11. Cushing in referring to the 

 Zunians said, " Interesting among the hero-gods is the great jmest of 

 all religious orders save that of the bow, PosJxai Atik^ia. In the days 

 of the new, yet not until after men had begun their journey toward the 

 east, he is supposed to have appeared among the ancestors of tlie Zuiiis, 

 the Taos, the Coconinos, and the Moqui Indians, so poor and ill-clad as 

 to have been ridiculed by mankind." This lecture was afterwards pub- 

 lished in The Popular Science Monthly, of New York (1882, p. 191). 



